| Yuanyang dialect belongs to Zheng kaipian of Zhongyuan Mandarin,and its modal adverbs are quite different from mandarin in form or meaning.This paper takes seven common modal adverbs with certain local characteristics as the research object,which are"Duan(端)","Kan(看)","Qing(情)","Xing(兴)","Bannian(半年)","Buqiang(不强)"and"Gebuzhu(搁不住)".Based on the"three planes"theory and grammaticalization theory,this paper examines the grammatical meaning,syntactic distribution and pragmatic function from a synchronic perspective,discusses the evolution process of seven modal adverbs from a diachronic perspective combined with literature use cases,and analyzes the relevant semantic evolution mechanism.In the investigation of synchronic usage,the comparative research method is used to compare and analyze with similar usage in mandarin,Yuanyang dialect and other dialects,in order to have a deeper and more comprehensive understanding of the characteristics of modal adverbs in Yuanyang dialect.The investigation points out that the unexpected mood of"Duan(端)"is opposite to expectation,which evolved from the modal adverb"Duan(端)"with the meaning of"just in time"through the reasoning mechanism;"Kan(看)"means congruent mood and emphatic mood.The former evolves from the time adverb"kan"which appears at the same time through the generalization mechanism,while the latter evolves from the former through the reasoning mechanism;"Qing(情)"can express emphatic tone("Qing 1(情1)"),encouraging tone("Qing 2(情2)")and dissuasive tone("Qing 3(情3)"),"Qing 1(情1)"comes from communicating with"Cheng(诚)","Qing 2(情2)"comes from omitting"Qing Guan(情管)"which expresses despite meaning,"Qing 3(情3)"evolves from"Qing 2(情2)"through context absorption mechanism;"Xing(兴)"refers to the estimation and speculation of an event based on some signs or daily life experience,which evolved from the auxiliary verb"Xing(兴)"permitted by expression theory through the metaphorical mechanism;"Bannian(半年)"means unexpected mood and awakening mood.The former is evolved from the subjective time expressed by the time phrase"half a year"through the reasoning mechanism,and the latter is evolved from the former through the context absorption mechanism;"Buqiang(不强)"speculates that a certain action behavior or a certain state is likely not to occur.Its evolution involves the grammaticalization of"Qiang(强)"and the lexicalization of"Buqiang(不强)".First,"Qiang(强)"develops the usage of positive mood adverbs from the semantic adverbs of"force and persistence"through the reasoning mechanism,and then"Buqiang(不强)"is lexicalized into speculative mood adverbs under the analogy mechanism of pursuing the symmetrical balance of positive and negative forms;"Gebuzhu(搁不住)"means that the speaker believes that a certain actual situation is not enough to constitute the condition for the occurrence of a certain behavior,which is equivalent to"unnecessary".It is the evolution of"Gebuzhu(搁不住)"in the sense of"no need"through the subjective mechanism.Mood adverbs in Yuanyang dialect often express different mood in meaning,which not only meets the needs of Yuanyang people’s delicate expression,but also reflects the principle of language economy.Syntactically,monosyllabic modal adverbs are often located after the subject and before the predicate,and disyllabic modal adverbs can also be located before the subject at the beginning of the sentence;Most modal adverbs have no restrictions on the subsequent verb components,but have higher requirements on the adjective components;Can be used in declarative sentences,followed by interrogative sentences,less in imperative sentences and exclamatory sentences.Pragmatically,in addition to subjective evaluation,it also has the function of euphemism and conveying implied information.In addition,in the early stage of dialect development,the main function of metaphor and metonymy is the evolution mechanism of tone,and the main function of metonymy is the evolution mechanism of context. |
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