A Study On The Homonyms Of Guizhou Daozhen And Jichang Contract Documents

This paper collects and sorts out homonyms in Daozhen Contract Documents Compilation and Jichang Contract Documents Compilation,among which there are201 groups of homonyms in Daozhen contract documents and 244 groups of homonyms in Jichang contract documents.This paper takes these homophone materials as the research object,refers to the research results of modern Daozhen and Jichang dialects and the existing documents about dialects in southwest China in Qing Dynasty,discusses the phonetic characteristics of Daozhen and Jichang reflected by the homophone materials of contract documents,and compares and analyzes the similarities and differences of the phonetic characteristics of the two.The initial consonant characteristics reflected by homonyms in Daozhen contract documents include 11 features.For example,voiced consonants became unvoiced,the consonants of Jing(精)-system merged with those of Zhi(知),Zhuang(庄)and Zhang(章)systems,characters of Xia(匣)consonant and Jiang(见)consonant were mixed,etc.There are 12 main vowel features.For example,the close-mouth first-class of Zhen-hun rhyme(臻摄魂韵)and close-mouth third-class Zhen-zhun rhyme(臻摄谆韵)were mixed with open-mouth rhyme,Zeng(曾),Geng(梗),Shen(深),Zhen(臻)rhyme merged,open-mouth third-class characters of Shen(深)and Shan(山)rhyme were mixed,etc.There are three tone features,namely,level tone was divided into high-level tone and rising tone,total voiced falling-rising tone was merged into falling tone,and most of the entering tones were retained,and a few were mixed with deep level-tones.Most of these phonetic features were consistent with northern Guizhou dialect of southwest mandarin,and a few were influenced by Xiang dialect and central Guizhou dialect.The initial consonant characteristics reflected by homonyms in Jichang contract documents include 9 features.For example,Ni(泥)consonant and Lai(来)consonant were mixed,the consonants of Jing(精)-system merged with those of Zhi(知),Zhuang(庄)and Zhang(章)systems,the characters in Ri(日)consonant with open-mouth third-class vowel of Zhi(止)rhyme and Lai(来)consonant were mixed,etc.There are 12 main vowel features.For example,close-mouth Xiyin(细音)of Yu(遇),Zhen(臻),Shan(山)rhyme and open-mouth Xiyin(细音)were mixed,individual Shan(山)rhyme characters of open-mouth second-class and open-mouth third-and fourth-class were mixed,the open-mouth third-class of Geng(梗)rhyme and the open-mouth Xiyin(细音)of Shan(山)rhyme were mixed,etc.There are three tone features,namely,level tone was divided into high-level tone and rising tone,total voiced falling-rising tone was merged into falling tone,and clear entering tone was mixed with clear level tone.Most of these phonetic features were consistent with central Guizhou dialect of southwest mandarin,and a few were influenced by Central Plains mandarin,Xiang dialect and southern Guizhou dialect.There are similarities and differences between the phonetic features reflected by homonyms in Daozhen and Jichang contract documents.The similarities mainly reflect the common features of Southwest Mandarin,and secondly,it shows that the pronunciation of northern Guizhou is influenced by the pronunciation of central Guizhou,and the Xiang dialect has left similar traces in the pronunciation of the two places.The differences between them mainly reflect the typical differences between the phonetics in northern Guizhou and the phonetics in central Guizhou.In addition,they also reflect the personality characteristics of the phonetics in Jichang,which are influenced by demographic factors: Jichang was the place where the soldiers of the Ming Dynasty immigrated,and it retains the phonetic features of Central Plains Mandarin.The phonetic features reflected by the homonyms of Daozhen and Jichang contract documents are more than 90% also found in modern local dialects,which shows that the phonetics of Daozhen and Jichang dialects are basically the same as those of modern local dialects in the Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China.Homophone materials reflect the characteristics that are different from the pronunciation of modern two places,which are generally influenced by the pronunciation of foreign dialects,reflecting that foreign dialects are fused by local strong dialects.