On The Young Marx's Criticism Of Eighteenth-Century French Materialis

Based on the common concern of young Marx and French materialism in the 18 th century about "human freedom and liberation",this paper probes into young Marx’s critical transcendence of French materialism in the 18 th century.By introducing and combing the basic thought of French materialism in the 18 th century,this paper explains young Marx’s criticism and transcendence of French materialism in the 18th century from three aspects: philosophical thoughts,sociopolitical ideas and humanitarian ideals.In the course of theoretical exploration,young Marx realized the ideological transformation from idealism to materialism,from revolutionary democracy to communism,which laid a solid theoretical foundation for his later establishment of historical materialism and scientific socialism.This paper is divided into five chapters.The first chapter points out that the problem of "human freedom and liberation" is the common concern of young Marx and French materialism in the 18 th century,combs the social conditions and basic thoughts of French materialism in the 18 th century,and explores the historical background and theoretical theme of young Marx.First of all,it points out that French materialism in the 18th century faced the dual oppression of feudal despotism and religious theology,so they pursued human freedom,equality and universal happiness.Then,the basic thoughts of French materialism in the 18 th century are summarized.Finally,it points out that young Marx is in the social background of the rapid development of capitalism and the domination of capital over labor,and the liberation of proletariat and mankind is his theoretical theme.The second chapter discusses young Marx’s criticism of the philosophical foundation of French materialism in the 18 th century,which mainly includes two aspects,namely,the criticism of the mechanical nature of materialism and the criticism of the idealist view of history.Among them,the criticism of the mechanical nature of materialism mainly focuses on the mechanistic nature of La Mettrie’s thought of "man is a machine",and the criticism of idealist view of history mainly focuses on Helvetius’ paradox of "man is the product of the environment" and "opinion dominates the environment".Through the criticism of philosophical thoughts,young Marx proposed to return the focus of thought to the perceptual life of real people,and realized the resolution and transcendence of Helvetius’ paradox with "revolutionary practice".The third chapter discusses young Marx’s criticism of the sociopolitical ideas of French materialism in the 18 th century,including the criticism of the rational principle of the state and the law and the criticism of the state and the law to guarantee the sovereignty of the people.On the aspect of criticizing the rational criterion of the state and the law,this paper points out that young Marx found the defect that reason is divorced from the social reality,and discusses how young Marx found that the realistic basis of the state and the law is economic relations from the perspective of history.On the aspect of criticizing the sovereignty of the people guaranteed by the state and the law,the paper reveals the deception and confusion of the sovereignty of the people guaranteed by the state and the law,and discusses young Marx’s idea that the key to realize the sovereignty of the people lies in the elimination of private property.The fourth chapter explores young Marx’s criticism of the humanitarian ideals of French materialism in the 18 th century.First of all,this paper discusses young Marx’s criticism of the abstractness and falsity of humanitarian ideals,mainly involving the revelation of the inherent limits of religious criticism and political criticism,and points out that human liberation is the ultimate form of completely eliminating the realistic oppression.Secondly,it explains young Marx’s perfection and transcendence of the humanitarian ideals of French materialism in the 18 th century,and combs the germination and development process of young Marx’s true humanism.Finally,the thesis attempts to explore the revolutionary essence of "practical humanitarianism".The fifth chapter summarizes the theoretical significance of young Marx’s criticism of French materialism in the 18 th century.Firstly,it lays a solid theoretical foundation for the formation of historical materialism.Secondly,it provides a scientific worldview premise for the formation of scientific socialism.Finally,it lays a theoretical premise for the establishment of the philosophy view of "practical materialism".