Study On The Hygiene Police In The Late Qing Dynasty

The introduction and establishment of the hygiene police system in China during the late Qing Dynasty was an important aspect of the generation of modern health systems,concepts,and knowledge in modern China.National power is widely involved in the establishment of hygiene police,and the hygiene function of the police is also considered one of the necessary functions of local administration,which becomes an important part of internal affairs.Under the political situation of internal and external difficulties in the late Qing Dynasty,multiple pressures such as large-scale epidemics,colonization by foreign powers,and the decline of internal affairs were superimposed.The Qing court urgently needed political reforms to maintain its own rule and social order.Since the establishment of the Hunan Security Bureau,police agencies have begun to assume initial hygiene functions.The establishment of the Tianjin Health Patrol has further clarified the hygiene functions of the police,and the establishment of the Health Department of the Patrol Department marks the beginning of the functions of national health management agencies.In the establishment of patrol roads in various regions,the health police system has been further established nationwide,and in this process,an education and funding system has been gradually established.In the process of exercising health functions,the police directly or participate in the promulgation and implementation of a large number of health regulations,and serve as an important law enforcement subject to maintain public health.At the end of the Qing Dynasty,the hygiene police were not only responsible for supervising and leading street cleaners to clean streets,building and managing toilets,but also for conducting extensive health law enforcement based on the "Police Violation Law" and various health regulations.Hygiene police officers are often selected as diplomats to represent the Qing court in international health conferences.When an epidemic such as pestis strikes,the police department will also found hospitals,and set up health teams to actively implement quarantine and isolation measures,so as to take active action to fight the epidemic,reflecting the change of thinking and action from "avoiding the epidemic" to "preventing the epidemic".At the end of the Qing Dynasty,the hygiene police not only improved the urban hygiene environment and rebuilt the public’s hygiene concept,but also played a role in consolidating the rule of the Qing court.However,they also exposed issues such as lack of professionalism,abuse of power,corruption,and resistance from the public.As an important coercive force in the modernization process of modern public health administration in China,the health police in the late Qing Dynasty continuously trained the public’s body through the legal system in the process of health law enforcement and management.The body was no longer limited to personal private domain,but was included in the national perspective,and the political meaning of the body was formed.As an important component of public health administration,the implementation of police power in the field of public health is closely related to the construction of China’s modern health administrative system,marking the redefinition of the boundaries between the state and society in the field of health,and reflecting the trend of political changes.The administrative method of managing public health by police agencies is a microcosm of the social comprehensive management function undertaken by modern Chinese police,and it is also a manifestation of the increasingly important role of the police profession in the modern national management function of China.The health police system,which originated in the late Qing Dynasty,laid the basic institutional framework during this period and further developed during the Republic of China period.