A Study Of The Pre-Qin Scholars’ Writing In Records Of The Historian

From the pre Qin period to the early Han Dynasty,the development of scholars’ studies experienced a shift from attaching importance to the individual scholars to attaching importance to the overall examination of them from the perspective of factions.Sima Qian,on the basis of inheriting the concepts of scholars’ studies of the previous dynasties,wrote about them from a new perspective.This article is entitled "Research on the Writing of Pre-Qin Scholars in the Records of the Historian".Starting with the "Confucius Aristocratic Family","Biography of Laozi Hanfei","Biography of Zhongni Disciples",and "Biography of Mencius Xunqing" in the Records of the Historian,it focuses on these subjects who have made outstanding contributions to philosophy and ideology,and explores Sima Qian’s writing of Pre-Qin Scholars through collation with various books and other pre Qin documents.In general,in addition to the introduction and conclusion,this article mainly includes the following aspects:The first part explores and summarizes the current situation and characteristics of various scholars before the "Records of the Historian",that is,from an individual perspective to a gradual discussion of various scholars in the pre Qin period from a holistic perspective of faction.On this basis,it analyzes Sima Qian’s inheritance and development of these various scholars’ ideas,which is based on inheriting the personal perspective of various scholars in the pre Qin period and inheriting their father’s relatively fair attitude,He truly examined the individuals of the pre Qin philosophers in a more comprehensive way as a historian and from a perspective.The second part focuses on "The Aristocratic Family of Confucius",analyzing Sima Qian’s unique writing of Confucius.The biography of Confucius in "The Aristocratic Family of Confucius" is mainly divided into three levels: Confucius’ family background,traces of seeking official status,and academic achievements.However,Sima Qian was extremely attentive to the details of Confucius’ writing,absorbing some of Confucius’ rumors,and restoring the scene of Confucius’ words and deeds.He even integrated and utilized Confucius’ materials.Both in terms of writing content and form,Sima Qian was ingenious and better enriched the image of Confucius It has raised the status of Confucius and also highlighted his spiritual connotation of anti utilitarianism and anti reality.The third part explores Sima Qian’s unique writings on Laozi,Zhuangzi,and Han Fei from the perspective of "Biography of Laozi and Han Fei".Sima Qian presented the relevant information of Laozi in the pre Qin and Qin and Han dynasties relatively completely based on the writing principle of "letter conveys letter,doubt conveys doubt".He gave unique attention to Laozi from the selection and integration of historical materials,the dual display of mystery and truth in Laozi’s image,and the presentation of Laozi’s identity.For Zhuangzi,Sima Qian highlighted the integration of Zhuangzi’s academic style and personality spirit through the mutual interpretation of Zhuangzi’s personality and literary quality,and praised Zhuangzi’s free spirit.For Han Fei,Sima Qian not only presented the current situation of Han Fei in the Warring States era through clever writing methods such as echoing back and forth,citing the full text,and presenting from multiple perspectives,highlighting the tragic image of Han Fei,but also criticized the unreasonable aspects of Han Fei’s thoughts from the perspective of ideology.The fourth part mainly discusses Sima Qian’s writings on the disciples of Confucius,based on "The Biography of Zhongni’s Disciples".Sima Qian mainly wrote about Confucius disciples from three aspects: ability,temperament,inheritance and practice of Confucius’ benevolence and righteousness thoughts.He presented numerous images of disciples,and also grasped the unique characteristics of Confucius disciples.He not only took the Analects of Confucius as an important source of material,but also demonstrated the pioneering significance of Confucianism in education and academic changes through his writing of Zhongni disciples.The fifth part focuses on "Biography of Mencius and Xunqing",analyzing Sima Qian’s unique writings on Mencius,Zou Yan,and Xunqing.As for Mencius,Sima Qian emphasized the "righteousness" of Mencius’ concept of righteousness and profit through detailed writing,and in the process of writing,he highlighted the purity of Mencius’ personality and thought.He evaluated Mencius through argumentation,not only displaying the unique image of Mencius,but also demonstrating Sima Qian’s appreciation of Mencius’ spirit of not distorting his ideas.As far as Xunzi is concerned,Sima Qian’s breakpoint in writing Xunzi’s experience is relatively unique,which has a great relationship with Sima Qian’s desire to highlight Xunzi’s achievements in the reconciliation of northern and southern cultures,and also highlights Xunzi’s spirit of self-respect for Taoism,which is closely related to Xunzi’s historical significance and the practical significance of his thoughts.As for Zou Yan,Sima Qian emphasized the ideological essence of Zou Yan’s goal of "benevolence,righteousness,and frugality",and gave Zou Yan a relatively fair evaluation in a way of first suppressing and then promoting,expressing his appreciation of Zou Yan’s writings.He also briefly analyzed the main reasons why Sima Qian wrote Zou Yan from the Han Dynasty and Sima Qian’s own reality.At the end of the paper,starting from the overall "Records of the Historian",it analyzes Sima Qian’s unique examination of the pre Qin philosophers.Sima Qian not only intended to write biographies of the pre Qin philosophers based on the writings of the various philosophers,but also had a strong resonance with the spirit of the pre Qin philosophers.He also paid attention to reality from the ideological development of the individual philosophers and the compilation of the biographies of the various philosophers,expressing his criticism of the current situation of the development of the later learning of the Han Dynasty philosophers and the militarism of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty,and pointed out that the writing of the pre Qin philosophers in the Records of the Historian broadened the field of vision for studying the pre Qin philosophers,and promoted the formation of the concept of the various philosophers of the Han Dynasty,It also affirms the academic contributions of various scholars in the pre Qin period.