| As an important category in the history of Chinese philosophy,“Mind”(心)has always attracted the attention of thinkers.Zhu Xi,the master of Neo-Confucianism,not only has a detailed discussion on Li(理),Qi(气)and Nature(性),but also attaches great importance to the investigation of‘Mind’(心).Qian Mu pointed out that“without Zhu Xi’s philosophy of mind,there is no way to understand the whole of Zhu Xi’s philosophy of mind”.Zhu Xi’s‘Mind’(心)connects almost all the domains of thought:Li(理)Qi(气),‘Nature-Passion’(性情),movement and stillness,sense of silence,“a status of‘un-Manifested’and‘Manifested’in‘Mind’”(已发未发),body and function,Taiji(太极),benevolence,and investigation of things to knowledge.So,‘Zhu Xi’s philosophy of mind’is not the meaning of the school,but the whole of Zhu Xi’s philosophy of mind contains rich thoughts of‘mind’.In this sense,this paper also examines Zhu Xi’s‘Mind’(心)from the vertical and horizontal aspects:from the vertical aspect,through the investigation of the formation of Zhu Xi’s‘Mind’thought,it reveals the specific process of Zhu Xi’s‘Mind’thought maturity and deepening and the ideological reasons behind it;from the horizontal aspect,the heart is closely related to Li and qi(理气),‘Nature-Passion’(性情),“Abidance in Reverence and Exhaustive Study of Principle”(居敬穷理).Through the deepening discussion of Zhu Xi’s relationship between‘Mind and Liqi(理气)’,‘Mind and Nature-Passion(性情)’,’Mind and Gongfu(工夫)’,we can clarify the multiple meanings of the‘Mind’,clarify the relationship between the‘Mind’(心)and other concepts,and then profoundly and completely show Zhu Xi’s grand‘Ming theory’.According to the order of chapters in this article:The first chapter discusses the formation and development process of Zhu Xi’s‘mind’.Firstly,it explains the development process of Zhu Xi’s early thoughts,especially the content of Zhu Xi’s attention to the heart during the period of Zhu Xi following Li Dong(李侗)’s learning.Secondly,it discusses in detail the process of Zhu Xi’s n the theory of‘Mean and Harmony’(中和说)it which is a landmark event of Zhu Xi’s maturity of mind.In the second chapter,after the completion of Zhu Xi’s theory of mind,based on the relationship between Li and Qi(理气),the multi-level analysis of Zhu Xi’s‘mind’is carried out,and then the essence and definition of‘mind’are highlighted,including the understanding of the attribute,function and state of mind,and the response to the academic circles about Zhu Xi’s attribution of Li and Qi(理气).The third chapter clarifies the specific meaning of the function of the mind,the nature and the emotion,and takes‘a theory of Mind Unifies Nature-Passion’(心统性情说)the relationship between the Mind,the nature and the emotion,and reveals that‘a theory of Mind Unifies Nature-Passion’(心统性情说)is not only an important proposition of the heart in the specific temperament problem,but also a prerequisite for the establishment of the basic position of the mind’s self-cultivation,especially Zhu Xi’s self-cultivation,and thus opens up the approach of Zhu Xi’s specific self-cultivation.The fourth chapter mainly discusses the cultivation of the mind.Zhu Xi stressed that the heart is covered by Qi and material desires,so it can not normally play the function of the heart.Therefore,this chapter first clarifies the problems of Qi and material desires,“Mind of Man”(人心)and“Mind of the Way”(道心),and then focuses on‘self-cultivation must use respect,and learning is in the knowledge’to explain the‘Meditation Method’(修养)in Zhu Xi’s philosophy. |
