A Study On The Semantic,Grammatical Functions And Symmetry Of “Hai(海)” And “Yang(洋)” In Mandarin

This article compares and analyzes the symmetry and asymmetry of “hai(海)” and“yang(洋)” in Mandarin from both synchronic perspective and diachronic perspective,focusing on property,semantic and grammatical functions.At the same time,the reasons for the symmetry and asymmetry of the two are also excavated and explained from multiple angles.The paper consists of three parts: introduction,main body and conclusion,and the basic contents are as follows:Firstly,the Introduction part mainly expounds the reason and significance of the topic selection of the article,reviews the research status of “hai(海)” and “yang(洋)” in Mandarin,and explains the research ideas,research methods and corpus sources of the article.Secondly,the main part consists of five parts.First,based on the synchronic level,starting from Mandarin and Chinese dialects,combined with reference books and corpus,this paper examines in detail the property and meaning of the synonyms“hai(海)” and “yang(洋)”,and the symmetry and asymmetry of the two in terms of property and meaning are compared,mainly involving the meaning and their quantity in different properties.Second,through the search,statistics and analysis of the corpus,the grammatical functions of “hai(海)” and “yang(洋)” are investigated from the synchronic level,and the symmetry and asymmetry of the grammatical functions of the two are compared,mainly involving word formation,word-formation ability and syntactic function.Third,this part uses ancient texts,ancient dictionaries and ancient Chinese dictionaries to investigate the diachronic development of the property and meaning of“hai(海)” and “yang(洋)” in Chinese,and sort out the symmetric and asymmetric expressions of their different meanings and properties from the pre-Qin to the Ming and Qing dynasties.It mainly involves the speed of evolution,the form of evolution and the characteristics of each stage.Fourth,this paper sorts out the derivative paths of the property and meaning of “hai(海)” and “yang(洋)” in Mandarin,explores the motives and mechanisms of their evolution,and compares the symmetrical and asymmetrical manifestations of the causes,mechanisms and paths of the evolution of “hai(海)” and“yang(洋)”.Fifth,this part analyzes the causes of symmetry,especially asymmetry,from both internal and external aspects of language.The interior of the language is mainly influenced by semantics and competition among similar words.The external aspect of language is mainly influenced by cognitive laws,psychological factors and the social-culture.Lastly,the Conclusion briefly summarizes the content and views of the whole paper,including the symmetry and asymmetry of the property,meaning and function of“hai(海)” and “yang(洋)” at the synchronic and diachronic levels,and the symmetry and asymmetry that produces them,especially the causes of asymmetry.At the same time,it also briefly explains the shortcomings of the article.