The Study On The Symmetry And Asymmetry Of The Antonyms "Qiang2/Ruo4" In Diachronic And Synchronic Aspects

"Qiang2/Ruo4" is a pair of synonyms commonly used,we make a comprehensive study of the symmetry and asymmetry of the two by using the markedness theory,cognitive prototype theory and lexics theory.The second chapter,we clarify the original meaning and the prototype meaning of them,sort out their semantic evolution,and clarify the correlation between the extension.Their symmetry is reflected in:(1)their semantic extension rules are consistent;both include radiation type extension and chain extension;(2)the extended meaning of the two is based on people's cognitive/logic inference or related association;(3)there are symmetric meanings.Asymmetry is reflected in:(1)the breadth of semantic extension is different;(2)some meanings are produced by different time;(3)some symmetric meanings lost differently;(4)the additional meaning is different;(5)their using frequency is different.The third chapter,we investigate in lexical aspect.Symmetry:(1)their semantic relations are same;their exits symmetrical meanings;(2)the existence of a small number of distribution and meaning are symmetrical.Asymmetry:(1)the word building ability of "qiang2" is stronger;(2)"qiang2"has more word-formation pattern;(3)the distribution and meaning are asymmetric.(4)the using frequency of"qiang2" is much higher;(5)"ruo4" has overlapping form.The fourth chapter,we investigate in syntactic aspect.The symmetry of the collocation ability:(1)match with abstract noun more;(2)can be used before some trend verbs and placed after "bian4""zuo4";(3)can be used after a fraction;can be used in "qiang2/ruo4 + le+approximate quantity" format.Asymmetry:(1)Some concrete nouns only match one of them;in"bu4 + abstract noun","qiang2"only;(2)"qiang2" can use before verb;and after"bu3" "pei4""nong4";(3)integer numerals match with"qiang2";the direction of semantic deviation is different in "qiang2/ruo4 + le+approximate quantity "(4)"lao3" only match "qiang2";when collocating with "gou4"saying a standard,"qiang2" only;when meaning the degree is high,"ruo4" reflects obvious markedness.In the aspect of syntactic distribution,their asymmetry:(1)"hen bu X le " matches"ruo4"only.(2)"hai X zhe "matches "ruo4"only.(3)"A x guo4 B""A bi B x" and"A meiyou B x"match"qiang2";(4)in three interrogative sentence,"qiang2" use more.Their asymmetry is affected by the internal and external factors.