Study On The Northeast Frontier Strategy Of The Eastern Wei And Northern Qi Dynasties

Northeast China has a unique geographical environment,rich natural resources and vast territory.Since ancient times,many ethnic groups have lived and multiplied on this land.During the Northern and Southern Dynasties,the Northern Wei Dynasty,following the example of the Wei Jin Dynasty and the Sixteen Kingdoms’ Houzhao,Qianyan and other regimes,managed the Northeast by setting up administrative regions and Dongyi school captains.After the split of the Northern Wei Dynasty,the Eastern Wei Dynasty and the Northern Qi Dynasty successively inherited the territory of the Northern Wei Dynasty in the northeast,including Youzhou,Pingzhou,Anzhou,and Yingzhou in the northeast of Ye City,the capital of the Eastern Wei Dynasty and the Northern Qi Dynasty,as well as the more remote regions where Kumoxi,Qidan and other northeastern minority tribes and political power activities,together formed the northeast frontier of the Eastern Wei and Northern Qi regime.The northeast frontier is an important part of the territory of the Eastern Wei and Northern Qi dynasties.Because of its special geographical location and complex surrounding situation,the policies and measures of the Eastern Wei and Northern Qi dynasties in managing the northeast frontier are obviously different from the other three frontiers.After the establishment of the Eastern Wei Dynasty,guided by the border economic strategy thought of "guarding China and governing the border",the Eastern Wei Dynasty took a variety of measures,including rebuilding administrative regions,selecting border officials,and improving the relationship with various ethnic groups in the northeast,to restore the social order and economic production activities in the northeast states,restore the stability of the situation in the northeast border areas,and lay a good foundation for the Northern Qi regime to manage the northeast.The strategy of the Northern Qi Dynasty on the northeast frontier can be roughly divided into two periods.In the early period of Gao Yang’s rule,he was diligent in government affairs and worked hard to govern,forming the Northeast Border Economic Strategy with the core of "fighting against rebels and mollification".In terms of governance measures,Gao Yang adopted the methods of crusading Khitan,building the Great Wall,adjusting administrative divisions and maintaining the relationship between feudal and tributary,maintaining the basic stability of the northeast frontier situation,and improving the political influence of the Northern Qi Dynasty in the northeast region.During the Heqing period,the northeast frontier was under the pressure of Turkic invasion,but the crisis was successfully resolved under the active response of the Northern Qi Dynasty.Since then,Emperor Wu Cheng Gao Zhan became more aware of the importance of the northeast frontier and set up Youzhou Daoxing Platform to implement unified management of the northeast frontier.During this period,the friendly exchanges between the Northeast ethnic minorities and the Northern Qi Dynasty were very frequent,and the tributary system under the leadership of the Northern Qi Dynasty was further developed.In the later period of the Northern Qi Dynasty,due to the rulers’ desire for pleasure,political corruption and the decline of national strength,it was difficult to continue to implement the border economic strategy of "fighting rebels and mollification".For more than 40 years,the Eastern Wei Dynasty and the Northern Qi Dynasty managed the northeast frontier,forming a unique governance model of the northeast frontier,leaving a lot of experience in border management: adjusting administrative divisions,establishing new border governing institutions,selecting officials and good generals,building a military defense system,improving relations with surrounding forces,and enhancing the overall strength of the country;At the same time,it also had a series of impacts on the northeast frontier,restored economic production and social order,guaranteed border security,established the orthodox image of the Central Plains of the Eastern Wei and Northern Qi regimes,and provided a reference for the formulation and implementation of the Northeast frontier economic policy in the later generations.In a word,the Eastern Wei Dynasty and the Northern Qi Dynasty made a lot of efforts and attempts in managing the northeast frontier and maintaining the order and stability in the region under their jurisdiction,leaving precious experience and far-reaching influence for future generations,which is of great significance in the history of China’s national and territorial development.