A Study On The Phenonmenon Of Scholars Supersititious Behavior Based On Official Rank Pre-destined In Song Dynasty

“Confucianism doesn’t talk about ghosts and gods” is the attitude of Confucian disciples towards the superstition of ghosts and gods in traditional cognition.However,these scholars who have read the sages’ books have believed the idea of Official Rank Pre-destined in the history of the imperial examination in the Song Dynasty,and made various Superstitious behaviors.According to Hong Mai’s Record of the Listener(Yi Jian Zhi),when the imperial examination comes,There are as many examiners who go to worship God and tell fortune as shuttle.The behavior of Official Rank Pre-destined is a very important phenomenon in the imperial examination culture of the Song Dynasty,Most of these phenomena are handed down with the carrier of note-taking novels characterized by "changing the strange prophecy",among which Record of the Listener is the epitome.Record of the Listener is a giant book of notes on the mysteries and monsters compiled by Hong Mai for 60 years.It contains many valuable materials reflecting the social life and religious customs of the Song Dynasty.Among them,a large number of contents related to the imperial examination superstition have become an important tool for us to understand and study the imperial examination culture of the Song Dynasty.The full paper takes Record of the Listener as the text,supplemented by other notes of the Song Dynasty and official history,county annals,literary works of scholars and other materials,and returns to the scientific research environment and belief in ghosts and gods of the whole Song Dynasty.From the perspective of folklore,it restores the complete superstitious behavior and mechanism made by Intellectual class in the Song Dynasty based on the Official Rank Pre-destined and the method of "naming".After excavating various materials,starting from the aspects of the imperial examination system,the folk belief in gods and divination habits in the Song Dynasty,and the diverse ideological concepts of scholars in the Song Dynasty,this paper analyzes the reasons and driving factors for the emergence of the thought of Official Rank Pre-destined and the phenomenon of scholars praying for gods,in order to restore the spiritual world and belief in ghosts and gods of scholars under the imperial examination society in the Song Dynasty.The full paper takes materialism as the basic thought,and takes the mutual proof of literature and history and the method of text reading as the research method.It is divided into five parts to elaborate.The introduction outlines the background and core issues of the topic selection of this paper.After combing the domestic and foreign research on the three issues of "Song Dynasty imperial examination","Record of the Listener",and "Official Rank Pre-destined",it points out the shortcomings of the current research on the issue of imperial superstition in the Song Dynasty,clarifies the value and significance of this study,and points out the core issues and chapter ideas of this study.The text is divided into four chapters.The first chapter introduces Hong Mai’s life and the finished and existing versions of Record of the Listener,and combs out the material stories in the book related to the imperial examinations in the Song Dynasty,especially the "Official Rank Pre-destined",and combs out the prayer chain of the imperial examinations in the Song Dynasty proposed after the study of "praying for gods for dreams → dreaming and divination →divination solution → naming strategy",which provides the basis for the later study.The second chapter is the main part of the paper,which focuses on the three parts of the prayer chain in the first chapter: "praying for gods for dreams","divination" and "geomantic omen",and combs out the types and development path of imperial examination gods in the Song Dynasty,the types of stories about praying for dreams,the culture of divination,and the detailed content of geomantic omen culture in combination with the story of Record of the Listener,and discusses them in depth according to the story text.The third chapter mainly studies the response strategies made by intellectuals to the thought of Official Rank Pre-destined after the end of the act of praying.Centering on the two parts of "changing the name" and "cultivating morality",relying on the theme story in Record of the Listener,and combining the folk culture of the Song Dynasty behind these two acts,it analyzes the ideological concepts reflected by intellectuals in the Song Dynasty under the so-called "providence".The fourth chapter is the sublimation and summary part.Starting from the imperial examination system,folk belief,divination atmosphere,and the ideology of scholars in the Song Dynasty,it strives to return to the overall state of the Song Dynasty at that time,comprehensively analyzes the causes and driving factors of the magnificent courtroom prayer behavior in the Song Dynasty,and tries to explore the truth and causes behind the courtroom superstition in the Song Dynasty.