The Study Of Lingshang Mindong Dialect Island In Longyou,Zhejiang Province

Lingshang Village is located in Xikou Town,Longyou County,Quzhou City,Zhejiang Province.It is a Min dialect island surrounded by the Longyou dialect of Wu language.Longyou dialect belongs to the Jinqu section of the Wu dialect,while Lingshang dialect of Min language belongs to the Funing slice of Mindong dialect.It is a weak local dialect.Based on the materials investigated,this paper systematically describes and analyzes the Lingshang dialect of the Min dialect in terms of pronunciation,vocabulary,grammar,and dialect comparison.This article is divided into five parts:Introduction,Phonetics,Vocabulary,Grammar,and Comparative Analysis.The first chapter is the pronunciation of Lingshang dialect of Min language.There are 18initials,59 finals,and 7 tones.In terms of initial consonants,some ancient phonological features are retained,such as labiodental are read as bilabial,retroflex are read as alveolar and most of the jianzu(见组)characters retain the initial consonants of[k k~h].In terms of vowels,there are characteristics such as mixed reading of geyun(歌韵)and haoyun(豪韵),differentiation of yuyun(鱼韵)and yuyun(虞韵),and non differentiation of zhishesandeng(止摄三等)zhiyun(支韵)and zhiyun(脂韵).As for tone,its main characteristics are as follows:partial yangru(阳入)words read as yinru(阴入)words,a few pingsheng(平声),shangsheng(上声)and rusheng(去声)words have a stop tail.The law of tone sandhi in two-character group is mainly manifested by the variant of the first word and the invariant of the last word.The main rules for the initials generalization are some alveolars are read as lateral approximant behind of the yinshengyun(阴声韵)while as nasal at the back of yangshengyun(阳声韵);zero initial consonant is unchanging behind the yinshengyun(阴声韵)and changes to nasal at the back of yangshengyun(阳声韵),and so on.About the literary reading and colloquial reading,it can be divided into six kinds on the basis of the difference of the initials,finals and tones.The homonym vocabulary of the dialect includes about3,800 words in The Characters List of Chinese Dialects and other words and blank words summarized from the vocabulary questionnaire.The second chapter is the vocabulary of Lingshang dialect of Min language.This paper describes and analyzes the characteristic words of Lingshang dialect of Min language and explore the difference between Lingshang dialect words and Mandarin words,with a classified vocabulary attached.The comparison with Mandarin words can be divided into three situations:the commonly used meanings,the reference range of appellation words and the word-forming morphemes.Finally,summarizes around 3,900 words from The Handbook of Chinese Language Resources-Chinese Dialects and The List of Survey Items of Chinese Dialect Words edited by the Dialect Office of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences.The words are distributed into 29 categories according to meaning.The third chapter is the grammar of Lingshang dialect of Min language.Grammar is mainly elaborated from two aspects: morphology and syntax.In terms of morphology,it includes five parts: affixes,reduplications,quantifiers,negative adverbs,and interrogative words.Syntactically,it is mainly described and analyzed from six aspects: aspect,disposition sentence,passive sentence,double object sentence,comparative sentence,and postposition component.Attached are50 grammar sample sentences in The Handbook of Chinese Language Resources-Chinese Dialects.The last chapter is about the dialect comparison of Lingshang dialect of Min language.This article compares Lingshang dialect of the Min language with the source dialect Shouning dialect of the Min language and the surrounding Longyou dialect of Wu language from the aspects of pronunciation,vocabulary,grammar,etc.,to explore their synchronic and diachronic development and changes.