On The Mode Selection Of Constitutionalism In Late Qing

Constitutionalism in late Qing was the most important political event in the late days of Qing Dynasty,and it was naturally the focus of academic research for a long time.However,on the issue of the mode selection of constitutionalism in late Qing,the existing research was lacking in precision and depth.It lacks the analysis of the morphology and characteristics,formation reasons and historical influence of mode selection.And this paper discusses from this direction.Around the two main modes of constitutional monarchy in the early 20th century,constitutionalists are divided into three categories:Imperial constitutionalist,conventional constitutionalist and ordinary constitutionalist.The three parties have their own understanding and views on constitutionalism,and it is also in their activities,the measures of both conventional models are implemented.The imperial constitution is top-down,and the agreement constitution is bottom-up.As the constitution progresses,violent conflicts erupt between the two modes,and a mixed-mode is formed in the evenly matched situation.The formation of this situation is the inevitable result,when the constitutional confrontation lacked restraint gets polarized under the fragile political consensus in the late Qing Dynasty.In terms of specific understanding,constitutionalists have misread the constitution due to systems-determinism,which has led to deviations in the constitutional measures adopted.Both modes have made progress,but neither has been able to suppress the other,resulting in a stalemate finally.Under this mixed-mode,although the Qing Dynasty took the first step towards China’s constitutionalism,it was unable to solve the legitimacy crisis that plagued itself.In the struggle of the tripartite constitutionalists,the decline of performance legitimacy,procedural legitimacy,and ideological legitimacy was further aggravated.Finally,dynasty exhausted its last legitimacy resources,and ushered in the total outbreak of crises.Analyzing the mixed-mode can not only give a more comprehensive understanding of the constitutionalism in late Qing Dynasty,but also has important significance for today.It reminds us that in the reform,we should not only attach importance to the cohesion of political consensus,but also have an objective and accurate understanding of the reform system.Otherwise,it will not only fail to solve the ills in the system,but also aggravate the political crisis.