| Anarchism is one of the many trends of thought opposed to Marxism.During the time of First International,Bakunin held high the banner of anarchism and caused profound damage to Marxist theory and the labor movement at the theoretical and practical levels.As a result,Marx and Engels fought with Bakunin’s reactionary remarks for a long time,and finally were able to eliminate the erosion of their erroneous ideological trends on the thinking of the working class,and purged the reactionary forces from the First International.Today,with the continuous development of the wave of economic globalization,the trend of anarchism,accompanied by the rising trend of "liberalism" and "individualism",has an impact on my country’s mainstream ideology.At the same time,Western politicians are also taking advantage of the new crown epidemic.Our country’s ideology has been attacked in an attempt to disintegrate the authority and credibility of our government.Therefore,reviewing Marx and Engels’ criticism of Bakunin’s anarchism not only helps us to recognize the wrong essence of Bakunin’s anarchism,but also In the process of reviewing history,we will also learn to use the ideological weapons of historical materialism to identify erroneous ideological trends at home and abroad,and resist the penetration of mainstream ideology in our country by Western politicians.The first part of the thesis is to explain the background of Bakunin’s anarchism.By understanding the philosophical basis and the background of the times on which Bakunin’s anarchism was formed,we have a deeper understanding of its theoretical and practical roots,and then we have a deeper understanding of Bakunin’s anarchism from the outside to the inside.It analyzes the concept of freedom,authority,and the state of Bakunin,and elicits the following criticisms of Bakunin’s main ideas by Marx and Engels,and finally summarizes the enlightenment and experience of contemporary society at the theoretical and practical levels.The research content is mainly carried out from the following four contents:Firstly,the logic of the formation of Bakunin’s anarchist thought is explained in detail from the two levels of theory and reality.The theoretical background mainly involves the theoretical thoughts of Hegel,Saint-Simon,Weitling,Proudhon and others.These thoughts provides philosophical basis for the formation of Bakunin’s anarchist thoughts.The background of the times mainly focuses on the development of capitalism,the European Revolution in 1848 and other important historical events,and the realistic reasons can be explored for the formation of Bakunin’s anarchism.Secondly,after understanding the "past and present" of Bakunin’s anarchist thought,let’s analyze the three most important parts: the view of freedom,the view of authority and the view of the state.Bakunin extremely affirmed and praised freedom,and advocated the realization of absolute and unconditional freedom for everyone.On the basis of the concept of freedom,Bakunin hated authority and the state,and believed that authority and the state hindered the development of absolute freedom.Authority and state are the root of all evil,so we must oppose all authority and at the same time immediately destroy the state.Thirdly,Marx and Engels wrote a large number of works and letters to severely criticize Bakunin’s anarchist thought,and at the same time exposed the Bakunin’s intention to launch separatist activities and usurp the international leadership of the International.Marx and Engels also wanted to realize a "free man association society",but at the same time they pointed out that freedom is not absolute and unconditional,on the contrary,it is limited,and authority is inexorable to our life or revolutionary struggle.The state cannot be eliminated immediately,and it will withdraw from the historical stage on its own when it completes its historical mission.Fourthly,the paper summarizes the experience and enlightenment of Marx and Engels’ criticism of Bakunin’s anarchism,coupled with the envisage pf combination of the Marxist view of freedom,authority,and state with contemporary social practice. |
