Research On The Evolution Of Marx’s Alienation Theory And Its Role In The Development Of Marx’s Theory

As the core concept in Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts of 1844,alienation thought is regarded as an important part of Marx’s theory.However,there are controversies about the position of alienation thought in the theoretical system of Marx’s life: One view holds that Marx’s alienation thought,as the core concept of Marxist philosophy,was abandoned with the peak of Marx’s philosophical research,and the research focus shifted from philosophy to political economy;Another view holds that Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts of 1844 is not a mature work,and the alienation thought expounded by Marx is not a mature view,so the alienation thought was abandoned with the maturity of Marx’s theory.However,the theory of Marx’s life can’t be understood in a segmented way.The theories before and after Marx come down in one continuous line rather than separated,and the thought of alienation actually plays a very important role in Marx’s theoretical research.Marx put forward the concept of alienated labor for the first time in Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts of 1844.Here,Marx analyzed alienated labor from four angles: alienation between people and labor products,alienation between people and labor,alienation between people and human nature,and alienation between people.The alienation thought in Manuscript is still immature,but it provides a practical perspective and a humanitarian position for Marx’s philosophical theory.In German Ideology,Marx enriched and developed the alienation viewpoint in Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts of 1844,which was mainly reflected in a deeper new understanding of the issue of "human nature" and the investigation of alienation also went deep into the investigation of productivity and production relations.In Das Kapital,Marx mainly focused on the mode of production,production relations and exchange relations in capitalist society,but he still inherited the research ideas of alienation thought in his early philosophical research.Although the focus of Marx’s research in the later period seems to be concentrated in the field of political economy,it is not difficult to find that the evolution of Marx’s alienation thought has a far-reaching impact on his lifelong research.First,the logic of alienation thought drives the change of Marx’s way of thinking in philosophical research.By criticizing alienation,Marx established the principle of practice and humanistic position,and completed the criticism of traditional actors going to school.Second,with the deepening of the study of alienation,Marx’s research object has shifted from the spiritual world to the real world,from the superstructure to the economic base.The internal logic of alienation thought drives the establishment of the principle of historical materialism.Thirdly,the sublation of alienation provides a value orientation for Marx’s lifelong theoretical research.The sublation of alienation ultimately points to the return of human nature and the free and all-round development of human beings.In order to realize the sublation of alienation and the free and all-round development of human beings,Marx found a solution at the level of social system,that is,to realize communism.It can be seen that alienation thought has played a vital role in the formation and development of Marx’s theory,and it is a theoretical clue throughout his life.Marx’s alienation thought played an important role in the history of Marxist development,but today,Marx’s alienation thought still has its time value.Studying Marx’s alienation thought can provide a theoretical weapon to criticize capitalism,a methodology to build Socialism with Chinese characteristics,and a theoretical reference to build a new form of human civilization.