Research On The Theory Of Alienation In Economic&Philosophical Manuscripts Of1844

“Alienation” was brought up long before by philosophers.Alienation presentationhas emerged long since the late primitive society, but it hadn’t been raised up to thetheoretical level until modern times. Rousseau emphasized that individual rights andfreedoms was non-transferable, unless one gave up rights and freedoms of a socialcontract, and transferred them to his country that represent him. Hegel took alienation asthe media of development, meanwhile he also tended to consider objectification and theopposites transformation as alienation, and took “self-consciousness” as the prerequisiteas well as the aim. All of these showed the historical restraints of idealism in hisalienation theory. Then after Hegel, Feuerbach tried to discuss alienation from the pointof materialism. However, he only expounds an ontology aspect of religion. Heconsidered that god didn’t create man, but conversely, man created god. He just turnedthe real ability of the person into a supernatural power of god which is beyond mankindhimself. On the other hand, there are quite a lot of profound substantive content inHegel’s idealism alienation against which Feuerbach failed to criticize. Marx sublated thepredecessors’ non-scientific state of alienation thinking, and revealed the mostrepresentative alienation content of capitalist society. Before Marx, almost all theopinions about alienation which people suggested were just remained in the level ofexternal presentation. Marx, however, actually exposed the subjective alienation whichdetermines the external presentation of substantive alienation, named alienation labor. InEconomic&Philosophical Manuscripts of1844（referred to as Manuscript later in thispaper），Marx put forward with the idea of alienation labor explicitly, which became thestart point of his own viewpoint of alienation. He immersing in a critique of Hegel’srational thinking, clearly pointed out the idea of the inevitability of alienation and theevolution of history, which is of historical significance.Therefore, in this paper, theauthor takes alienation as a logical line, emphatically explores the substance of alienationin Marx’ Manuscript. The author first explores the contents and influences of thealienation aim of Rousseau, Hegel and Feuerbach; then states the procedure anddevelopment of Marx’ opinion about alienation; at the end of the paper explains thereferring significance of Marx’ theory of alienation.