Negativity:Marx’s Study Of The Way Of Human Existence

In the Communist Manifesto,"Control in bourgeois society is in the past now,in the communist society is now dominate in the past." With this as a theoretical base,this article reveals that the way of being of man should be negative.Negation is a point of reference,and only negation is an opening of freedom to the future.Communist society makes possible the emancipation of human freedom in the midst of social self-denial and human self-denial.In the I Ching-Qian,"Heaven is healthy,a gentleman is self-improvement" reflects the way of life of our traditional Chinese culture,which explains that human society is moving forward in constant creation and negation.The strong backbone of the struggle of the Chinese Communists: "self-revolution" is also a way of understanding human existence from the perspective of negativity.This article explains Marx’s negation of human existence,which is a negation based on certainty,a negation of the past that breaks the shackles of the present.Nowadays,many people only emphasize that "man is fully developed",but they do not have a deep understanding of "man as a full-scale development person".This paper argues that a person is a fully developed person only when he or she exists as a negativity.The existence of certainty leads to man becoming a necessary being,and the existence of certainty is a yoke of the past to the present,a way of life that is limiting for the free and full development of man.It is only when understanding man as a negative being that is the quality of Marxism and the essence of our correct understanding of Marx’s way of being about man.This thesis systematically elaborates and argues,on the premise of comparing historical patterns of human existence,how Marx’s negative way of being about human beings is generated,the conditions for the realization and ultimate direction of Marx’s negative way of being about human beings,how Marxism can be understood in terms of the negative way of being about human beings,and the contemporary value of Marx’s thinking about the negative way of being about human beings.Firstly,comparing the historical patterns of man’s way of being,sorting out the economic situation,the relationship between man and society and the way of thinking in previous forms of social development,Marx’s negation of what man has and what reality has in the process of historical development,including in each stage of historic development the repudiation and criticism of the previous stage,seeing that before the proletariat it was a cycle of social negation,a cycle of class society,and it was the proletariat that established a society for class in which everyone was equal,a basis for man’s self-denial,for the self-denial of society.Secondly,the origin of Marx’s idea of the negative way of being of man,which breaks with the Hegelian premise of logical precedence and considers man as practice in the process of negation.Only through the constant negation in the "sum of social relations",the breaking of personal dependence,the constant negation of the dependence on things,the constant negation of the relations of reality,the constant negation of the past,does man become a real person,a real person is the sum of social relations.Thirdly,Marxism is understood in terms of the negative way of being of man,in terms of how Marx understood the negative way of being of man in the dialectical,practical and materialistic view of history.Dialectics has at its core self-denial,and self-denial is the dialectic of practice,and the materialist view of history makes man a future-oriented,constantly self-denying human being.The practical nature of man’s way of being is itself "self-denying",and from this logic leads to the full development of man in the process of transforming the objective world.Fourth,it explores the contemporary value of Marx’s way of being human and critiques modern Western Marxism’s understanding of Marx’s way of being human.It is argued that modern Western Marxism does not really understand Marx’s negative way of human existence.Instead,it is by adhering to Marxism under the self-revolutionary guidance of the Chinese Communist Party that we in China are able to achieve the self-denial of society,the self-negation of the personal way of being,and the comprehensive advancement of human beings.Marx’s study of man’s negative way of being is the answer to the question of the present time: how man develops fully,why man has to revolutionize himself,how to realize socialism and how to move towards a new era of human civility.The answer is: only a negative existence,only in the midst of negativity is man pointing towards the future,a man with infinite possibilities of development.