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A Historical Investigation Of Marx 's Realistic Liberal Thought

Posted on:2016-06-15Degree:DoctorType:Dissertation
Country:ChinaCandidate:K ZhuFull Text:PDF
GTID:1106330461968627Subject:Marxist philosophy
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Marx’s greatness lies not only in the creation of historical materialism and the theory of surplus value, prompting utopian socialism into scientific socialism; but also his embodied idea of human feelings, that is, relentless pursuit and exploration for the real possibility of the full and free development of human.This freedom is different from both Young Hegelians’ illusory “self-conscious freedom”, and capitalist society’s illusory “human rights and freedoms”. It is the Freedom of Reality or “Human Liberation”, which overcomes the alienation of labor and private ownership of capitalist society, truly realizes the unity of man and nature, man and society, as well as man and itself.The exploration of the way to Freedom of Reality for human beings is the core idea and the fundamental purpose of Marx’s lifelong pursuit and it is also a red line throughout his specific concepts, basic theory and ideology.Therefore, to explore Marx’s thought formation process of the exploration of the way to Freedom of Reality for human beings, or, to clarify the time node of Marx’s setting foot on the way to explore Freedom of Reality for human beings is the purpose of this paper that the author writes.This article is based on materialism, and it insists the research methods of the unity of history and logic, analysis and synthesis. It puts the exploration of the way to Freedom of Reality for human beings as an entry point to understand Marx’s the theory and ideology. Through combing important texts at the stage from “high school essay” to“Holy Family” carefully, this article strives to clarify the specific time nodes in the course of Marx’s freethinking changes by the way of tracing the origin, to accurately grasp the time node to form the goal of exploring the way to Freedom of Reality for human beings, especially to grasp correctly Marx’s thought process of setting foot on the way to explore Freedom of Reality for human beings, and to provide a valuable clue to comprehend Marx’s whole thinking process of the exploration of the way to Freedom of Reality for human beings clearly.This article studies the formation process of Marx’s ideology of Freedom of Reality in four chapters:The first chapter mainly elaborates the development of Marx’s ideology from pursuing the ideals of freedom at juvenile stage to establishing the principle of “getting Spirit of Freedom in being” at college. Therefore, logically this chapter is the historical starting point to research Marx’s ideology of Freedom of Reality. The chapter consists of three parts. They are “the birth of free thought”, “the establishment of spiritual freedom of thought”, “obtaining freedom of self-consciousness in being”.The second chapter mainly describes Marx’s ideology development in his journalism social practice in “Rheinische Zeitung”. At this stage, social reality causes him to question the original principle of pursuing spiritual freedom and to realize that the principle of pursuing Freedom of Reality for human beings should be established, so this stage should be summarized as the collision of Spirit of Freedom and Freedom of Reality in terms of Marx’s whole ideology development. Therefore, this chapter mainly elaborates Marx’s ideology development from the pursuit of spiritual freedom to the pursuit of Freedom of Reality. The chapter consists of three parts. The first part is “the opposition to ‘the free man’ group”. The second part is “criticize the political reality by the banner of Freedom of Rational”. The third part is “the impact of material interests,bureaucratic hierarchy and communism on Rational Freedom”.The third chapter’s main content: in order to research the real possibility of the way to Freedom of Reality for human beings, Marx studies important social problems including the relationship between civil society and the state, the relationship between political emancipation and human liberation, the historical mission of the proletariat,alienated labor and private ownership, communism, and so on after quitting his journalism social practice. And some important historical materialism conclusions are made, such as, proletariat is the historical undertaker to acquire Freedom of Reality for human beings, communism is the only way to acquire Freedom of Reality for human beings, and so on. Eventually, Marx throws away the principle of “getting Spirit of Freedom in being” and the method of theoretical criticism used to measure up the principle, establishes the principle of “getting Freedom of Reality in being” and the method of practical criticism used to achieve the principle. Therefore, the chapter mainly elaborates the formation process of Marx’s ideology of Freedom of Reality. The chapter consists of three parts, including “earthly entrance of Freedom of Reality”, “the historical undertaker of Freedom of Reality”, and “the only way to Freedom of Reality”.The fourth chapter’s main content: after the formation of thought of Freedom of Reality,Marx urgently needs an opportunity that could be used as the preliminary declaration to formally establish the goal of the exploration of the way to Freedom of Reality for human beings, and the opportunity is provided by “Holy Family” which is his first published works with Engels. Marx summarizes the original ideological achievement,that is to say, he criticizes speculative idealist philosophy and clarifies the historical materialism viewpoint about the way to Freedom of Reality for human beings.Therefore, the chapter mainly elaborates ideological content of “Holy Family” and the reason why Marx uses “Holy Family” as the preliminary declaration to formally establish the goal of the exploration of the way to Freedom of Reality for human beings.The chapter consists of three parts. The first part is “experience into a book and immanent critique logic highlight historical status of the works”. The second part is“getting rid of thought imprisonment from speculative Idealism for people to pursue Freedom of Reality”. The third part is “getting Freedom of Reality in being”.
Keywords/Search Tags:Self-conscious Freedom, Spirit of Freedom, Political Emancipation, Freedom and Human Rights, Human Liberation, Freedom of Reality
PDF Full Text Request
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