Invisible Order:A Study On Farmer Oganization From The Perspective Of Contingency Theory

At present,the comprehensive promotion of rural revitalization strategy has put forward new requirements for rural governance and economic development.Farmer organization can integrate endogenous forces and speed up local development.Farmer specialized cooperative is an important form.Most rural areas in Yunnan take agriculture as the core of development.Cooperatives can effectively meet the needs of sustainable,efficient and large-scale agriculture.Cooperatives belong to the "mutual assistance economic organizations" in China,with simple organization structures fuzzy organization goals and unpredictable actions,which differ from profit-making economic organizations such as enterprises.The specific research on the establishment and operation mechanism of cooperatives is more conducive to shaping a suitable environment for farmer organization development,and thus promoting rural developments and rural revitalization.Economic and social developments intensify the uncertainty of rural environment,and the update of organization theory makes the relationship between organizations and environment get new review and development.Contingency theory holds that different environments have different requirements for organizations,and there is no best organization,but only a good organization,which depends on the degree of matching between organizations and environment.This theory coincides with the "invisible" nature of the actions of cooperative organizations.This paper holds that there is an interactive relationship between rural environment and cooperatives,and individual actions and organizational strategies are affected by the environment and react on the environment back.Among them,the rural environment is composed of social environment and economic environment,which respectively contain law,policy,culture,resources and other elements,forming a complete environmental system embedded in the local social relations network.Therefore,cooperatives carry out micro actions,and the environment influences the whole process including establishment and operation,forming different types of cooperatives.In the concrete operation,interaction and contingency are the main contents of the operation.Traditional social networks and modern economic interests are mixed together.Cooperatives mainly play an intermediary role in the production structure and carry out contingency actions after comprehensive evaluation of their own conditions and environment.It is found that the operation of farmer organization follows the "invisible order".Enterprises establish relations and interact with individuals through two-way understanding,make segregation of duties and organize operation through the organizational structure.However,cooperatives have problems such as flat organizational structure,inconsistent organizational goals and organizational nature.These conflicts make the operation order difficult to summarize.Thus,cooperatives undertake contingency actions in response to an uncertain environment,and their interaction with the environment is actually a manifestation of "multiple dependence",in which their course of action depends on institutions,elites and other organizations.Finally,this paper proposes that we can promote the process of farmer organization construction by attaching importance to system construction,integrating multi-subject forces and shaping community.