Comparative Study Of Drug Rehabilitation Systems Between Chinese Mainland And Hong Kong

The current drug rehabilitation system in Chinese mainland was established by the 2008 Law on Drug Control,and its implementation was refined by the Regulations on Drug Rehabilitation promulgated by the State Council in 2011,forming a comprehensive drug rehabilitation system that integrates voluntary drug rehabilitation,community-based drug rehabilitation,compulsory isolation drug rehabilitation,and community rehabilitation.From the perspective of the evolution of the drug rehabilitation system in the Chinese mainland,the current drug rehabilitation system has abandoned the single model of compulsory isolation as the core,and has returned the concept of rehabilitation to a humanistic approach of helping drug users to kick their addiction and return to society,with "social treatment" as the main form of rehabilitation,reflecting a shift from the "moral model" to the "social model".However,the current drug rehabilitation system in the Chinese mainland is still in transition,and the past administrative-led and punishment-oriented treatment practices have not been effectively corrected in the current system,resulting in various practical and conceptual deviations.In the mid-twentieth century,Hong Kong experienced a shift from the legalization to the illegalization of drugs,but the situation of drug proliferation has not been effectively improved.In this regard,Hong Kong has gradually shifted its drug rehabilitation system to one that focuses on the treatment of "drug patients" with socialization as the main direction of development,by setting up a four-tier gradient of drug rehabilitation measures to achieve a "de facto decriminalization"effect,while supporting the development of social drug treatment forces.The two-pronged approach has gradually shifted the drug rehabilitation system to one that focuses on the treatment of "drug patients," with socialization as the main direction of development,reflecting the characteristics of a more typical "integration model.From a historical perspective,the evolution of the drug rehabilitation system in the Chinese mainland and Hong Kong is highly similar,but it has gone in two different directions:judicial and administrative.In contrast,the Mainland’s administrative approach to treatment is more conducive to reversing the aspirations of the drug rehabilitation system from incarceration and segregation of drug users to an educational and corrective function for drug users.By emphasizing the "patient" characteristics of drug users to exclude their "prisoner" status,a more thorough "medical model" can be achieved.However,the mismatch between the "moral model" practice and the "medical model" concept caused by the unsoundness and imperfection of the current drug rehabilitation system has affected the full effectiveness of the drug rehabilitation system in the Chinese mainland,and the construction of the drug rehabilitation system is still in the midst of a difficult transition.In terms of institutional design,Hong Kong’s experience with "judicial" treatment and the involvement of social forces is still worth learning from the Chinese mainland to some extent.In general,the two drug rehabilitation systems are similar in terms of institutional appearance,so a comparative analysis of the two systems in various dimensions can identify the positive values and problems in the construction of the systems,and use them as a basis to provide suggestions for the improvement of the drug rehabilitation system in the Chinese mainland.This paper is divided into the following four parts: the first part clarifies and defines the concept of drug rehabilitation system,and introduces the basic theories and functional demands of the construction of drug rehabilitation system.The second part compares the historical formation of the drug rehabilitation systems in the Chinese mainland and Hong Kong,and analyzes the current situation of the implementation of the drug rehabilitation systems in the two places.In the third part,we analyze the four dimensions of the systems of voluntary drug rehabilitation,community drug rehabilitation,compulsory isolation drug rehabilitation,and community rehabilitation,and we identify the commonalities and differences between the two systems,and sort out the practical problems caused by the unreasonable design of the systems.In the fourth part,we summarize the inspirational lessons learned from the above system comparison and,based on the practical experience of the drug rehabilitation system in Chinese mainland,we consider the innovation and improvement of the drug rehabilitation system in Chinese mainland from four levels: the concept of drug rehabilitation,institutional protection,institutional construction,and the development of social forces.