| The development of technology is closely related to the development of human society.The application of technology in the field of production and life constantly enhances the ability of human to transform nature and social practice.As a way of human existence,technology has profoundly reshaped and changed people’s mode of production,way of life and way of thinking since its birth.In particular,as a representative of the new generation of technological revolution,artificial intelligence technology has brought about subversive changes to the production and life of human society and the way of human existence.While greatly liberating the productive forces,it also leads to social risks such as the alienation of human subjectivity,the change of labor form and the exploitation of digital capital.Therefore,starting from Marx’s critical theory of technology,it has become an important topic of The Times to comprehensively examine and investigate the many problems brought by the current technological revolution of artificial intelligence.Marxist philosophy sublates the thinking paradigm of traditional speculative philosophy and criticizes the essence and practical effect of technology from the standpoint of historical materialism.Based on the distinction between the application of machine technology and the capitalist application of machine technology,Marx’s critical theory of technology Outlines technology as a tool,technology as a machine system,technology as a productive force and technology as capital,technology causing human alienation and technology realizing human liberation.Therefore,Marx’s critical theory of technology is intrinsically dialectical,critical,practical and historical,thus transcends the abstract analysis path of "technical metaphysics" and constructs a critical theory of technological modernity based on the field of social practice.Therefore,based on Marx’s critical theory of technology,the essence of artificial intelligence,as an advanced form of machine system,does not break out of Marx’s machine system category.On the one hand,artificial intelligence machine has enhanced human’s labor ability,cognitive ability and communication ability.On the other hand,artificial intelligence machine also challenges the subject status of human practice,triggering the debate between artificial intelligence moral subject and legal subject.More importantly,under the domination of the capital logic of technology,just as the capitalist application of industrial machines leads to the alienation and exclusion of human beings,the application of the capital logic of artificial intelligence machines also leads to the alienation of digital labor,the exploitation of digital platforms and the illusion rule of digital fetishism.Therefore,in the face of the social political and ethical risks of the capitalist application of artificial intelligence,we should return to Marx’s critical theory of technology,and change the capitalist mode of production of technology,so as to lay the foundation for artificial intelligence technology to open the picture of human liberation.The liberation of human beings by artificial intelligence is multidimensional.It replaces human beings to engage in dangerous labor in the field of labor production,which increases human’s free time.Meanwhile,the application of artificial intelligence brings positive impact on the elimination of alienated labor and creates conditions for the realization of human freedom and all-round development.As with the double effect of industrial machines,AI machines are also inherently paradoxical.In this regard,based on Marx’s critical theory of technology,it is necessary to clarify the nature of artificial intelligence technology,the risk of alienation,and the control of capital logic in the construction of technology and social history.At the same time,it is necessary to understand the positive effect of artificial intelligence technology and the great driving force in the aspects of labor liberation,time liberation and spiritual liberation. |
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