Study On Qingdao Textile Workers’ Movement(1921-1945)

The Qingdao Textile Workers’ Movement is an important component of the Qingdao Workers’ Movement,a microcosm of the national workers’ movement,and a magnificent chapter in the history of the modern workers’ movement.In 1914,Japan occupied Qingdao and invested in the establishment of cotton mills in Qingdao,which promoted the formation of the textile workers in Qingdao.Qingdao textile workers are mostly recruited by Japanese capitalists in rural areas,and workers in cotton mills are poorly paid and heavily exploited.Due to the early start of modernization and the concentration of industrial workers,Qingdao became the central area of the Shandong workers ’movement,and the textile workers became an important force of the workers’ movement.Soon after the establishment of the Shandong Party organization,it went deep into the factory,through the trade union organization under the leadership of the Party,founded and issued progressive publications,opened night schools for workers,gradually improved the ideological consciousness and struggle consciousness of textile workers,and led three textile workers’ movements during the Great Revolution.During the Agrarian Revolutionary War,the Shandong Party organization led the workers’ strike in 1929 and the anti-Japanese strike in 1936.After the outbreak of the all-out war of resistance against Japanese aggression,the textile workers actively supported the war and took advantage of the favorable opportunity to persist in the struggle against Japan until the victory of the war.Qingdao textile workers movement has remarkable regional characteristics and uniqueness.On the one hand,the textile workers’ movement in Qingdao has the obvious characteristics of the anti-Japanese struggle,which is related to the Japanese occupation of Qingdao in 1914 and the vigorous development of the textile industry in Qingdao.The exploitation of workers by Japanese cotton mill capitalists was the main motivation of the rising movement of textile workers in Qingdao,and also the main object of struggle for textile workers in Qingdao from 1921 to 1945.On the other hand,the textile workers’ movement in Qingdao started earlier,and the strike and struggle lasted for a long time.The struggle of the textile workers continued to the overall victory of the Anti-Japanese War,and was an vital force in the anti-Japanese struggle in Qingdao.The development of the workers’ movement from spontaneous struggle to conscious struggle is the inevitable result of the leadership and promotion of the Chinese Communist Party organization.The transformation of the textile worker movement from a struggle in the economic field to a close combination of economic and political struggles reflects the basic laws and development logic of the worker movement in semi-colonial and semi-feudal society.The workers’ movement is an important period of the new-democratic revolution and a concentrated embodiment of the advanced nature of the Communist Party of China.From the very beginning,the Qingdao Textile Workers’ Movement paid attention to the great union of the working class and adopted flexible struggle strategies based on the characteristics of textile workers.Because the party organization in Shandong was often destroyed,the leadership was insufficient,and the lack of close contact with the masses in the organization and publicity work resulted,a lot of work remained on the surface and had a negative impact on the textile workers’ movement.However,the Shandong Party organization has also accumulated rich experience in leading the workers’ movement.While developing and consolidating the Party organization,it has further consolidated the Party’s class foundation,purified the Party’s ranks,and expanded the Party’s influence.