Analysis On The Causes Of Overeducation Of Higher Educated Workers In China And Research On Its Income Effect

Today,with the increasing development of China’s education industry,more and more higher education workers are being produced,and they occupy a dominant position in the overall labor structure of our country.The overall improvement in the education level of workers has not only promoted the country’s economic development,but also led to the phenomenon of over education.Especially in recent years,the expansion of enrollment in universities has led to a surplus of labor in the job market,which has brought about employment difficulties and other issues,which has attracted widespread attention from all sectors of society to the employment situation.According to scholars at home and abroad,the reason for these problems is due to the occurrence of excessive education,resulting in excessive educational qualifications and waste.This article selects data from the China Comprehensive Social Survey(CGSS)in 2012,2015,and 2018 to conduct in-depth research on the current situation,influencing factors,and income effects of over education among higher educated workers in China.The following conclusions are drawn:Firstly,this article analyzes the measurement and trend of over education.Combining the measurement methods of the International Classification of Occupations(ISCO)and the International Classification of Education(ISCED)to calculate the incidence of over education,the incidence of over education among higher education workers reached 51.79%,48.49%,and 56.59% in 2012,2015,and 2018,respectively.It can be concluded that there is indeed a certain degree of over education among higher education workers in China.It can be found that over education may have an increasing trend and exhibit different characteristics among different populations.Specifically,as age increases,the incidence of over education tends to decrease year by year;Undergraduate students have the highest probability of over education,followed by graduate students;The probability of excessive education among party members is higher than that of non party members;The incidence of over education in urban household registration is higher than that in rural household registration;The probability of excessive education in party and government organs and enterprises is significantly higher than that in public institutions and social organizations;The probability of excessive education occurring in the central and western regions is significantly lower than that in the eastern regions.Secondly,the causes of over education were studied and analyzed using a binary logistic regression model.It was found that factors such as education level,political outlook,household registration nature,family economic status,unit type,and unit size have a significant impact on the occurrence of over education.The probability of over education occurring during undergraduate studies is higher;Individuals with political parties are more prone to over education;The urban household registration group will experience more significant over education than the rural household registration group;Families with economic conditions below the average tend to have a greater tendency towards over education,and families with better economic conditions have a lower probability of their children experiencing over education;The probability of over education among personnel working in party and government units is the highest,while personnel in party and government units,state-owned enterprises,and private enterprises are more inclined to have over education.The model was replaced and passed the robustness test.Thirdly,in the analysis of the income effect of excessive education.According to the calculation results of the ORU model,it is found that compared to moderate educators in the same job position,over educated individuals can receive an 11.8%positive wage premium,while those with insufficient education will bear a 19.7% wage loss.However,compared to moderate educators with the same educational background,over educated individuals will receive a 5.9% wage penalty.Compared with moderate education,the years of over education can still receive positive returns,but its educational return rate is significantly lower.Based on the analysis results of the V-V model,it was found that compared with moderate educators of the same level of education,over educated individuals are required to pay a salary penalty of 12.3%.By synthesizing these two models,similar conclusions can be drawn: in comparison with equal educational qualifications,those with over education will receive some salary penalties.Finally,the article proposes targeted countermeasures and suggestions from four perspectives: government,universities,employers,and individuals.The government should improve the structure of higher education,allocate educational resources reasonably,develop the tertiary industry,and increase employment capacity;Universities should adapt to the new development pattern,optimize the structure of disciplines and majors,innovate educational concepts,and promote comprehensive talent cultivation;Employers should establish a new concept of personnel selection,adhere to a reasonable employment orientation,establish a multi-party cooperation mechanism,and achieve resource sharing;On an individual level,it is necessary to establish a reasonable outlook on employment,clarify self positioning,maintain learning motivation,and improve one’s overall abilities.