| Judgement of learning refers to an individual’s judgment on the possibility of successfully recalling the items he has learned in the future,which has important reference value for guiding the individual’s own learning.Situational dependency effect refers to that when the individual encoding situation is consistent with the extraction situation,it will promote the extraction of target information.Zawadzka et al.found that learning judgment is influenced by context.So,how do situations affect students’learning judgments?Whether increasing the depth of individual encoding processing for learning items can weaken the role of situational cues,thus affecting individual cognition and metacognitive processing.Therefore,this study takes high school students as the research object and carries out two experimental studies.In experiment 1,40 students(18 males,22 females,aged between 15-18)from a middle school in Nanning City were selected to participate in this experiment.In experiment 1,single-factor in-subject design was adopted,with the independent variables being the type of situation(consistent situation,inconsistent situation and no situation)and the dependent variables being recall performance,learning judgment value,absolute accuracy and reaction time.This experiment mainly investigates the situational dependence effect of learning judgment and its influencing factors.The results show that:(1)There were significant differences in recall scores[F(2,68)=11.78,p<0.001,η_p~2=0.25],and significant differences in learning judgment values[F(2,68)=7.53,p<0.05,η_p~2=0.21],consistent condition and no situation recall performance and learning judgment value are higher than inconsistent condition,when the learning judgment situation is consistent with the coding situation,subjects will give higher learning judgment value.(2)There were significant differences in absolute accuracy among different situation types[F(2,68)=7.90,p<0.05,η_p~2=0.32],and the accuracy of learning judgment was higher in inconsistent situations,so the diversity of situational cues was conducive to improving the accuracy of learning judgment.(3)There was a significant difference in response time between different situations[F(2,68)=5.57,p<0.05,η_p~2=0.16],and the response time of inconsistent situational learning items was shorter.The situational dependence effect of learning judgment was not based on processing fluency but on the intensity of memory of situational information.In experiment 2,60 students(19 males and 41 females,aged between 15 and 18)from a middle school in Nanning City were selected to participate in this experiment.A mixed experimental design of 2(coding processing:shallow processing,deep processing)and x3(situation type:consistent situation,inconsistent situation,no situation)was adopted.Among them,encoding processing was inter-subject variable,situation type was intra-subject variable,and dependent variable was recall performance,learning judgment value and absolute accuracy.In experiment 1,it is found that the situational dependence effect of learning judgment is mainly triggered by the intensity of memory of the situational information.Therefore,experiment 2 will improve the depth of encoding and processing of the target information,so as to weaken the influence of the situational cues on individuals.The results showed that:(1)In terms of recall performance,there was a significant interaction between coding and situational type[F(2,108)=3.55,p<0.05,η_p~2=0.06],and the recall performance of context-free items was higher than that of consistent conditions under deep processing.Therefore,over-learning situational cues may cause interference to subjects to a certain extent.(2)In terms of learning judgment performance,the interaction between coding processing and situation type was not significant[F(2,108)=0.51,p=0.61],indicating that learning judgment was not sensitive to inter-subject variables.(3)On the accuracy of learning judgment,the interaction between coding processing and situation type was significant[F(2,108)=3.80,p<0.05,η_p~2=0.07].It was found that with the increase of processing depth,the accuracy of learning judgment gradually decreased,and a typical practice underestimate effect appeared.The results show that Chinese materials can also induce the situational dependence effect of learning judgment.The influence factors of situational dependence effect on learning judgment are mainly based on the intensity of individual memory for"situational information".Improving the depth of individual coding processing will reduce the accuracy of individual’s judgment of learning items.The memory effect of non-contextual learning items under over-processing condition is better than that under consistent condition. |
