| Technological progress has brought inexhaustible impetus to the development of human civilization,but it also has a certain impact on labor employment.Industrial robots are the progress of emerging technologies in the era of artificial intelligence and important support equipment mentioned in the strategy of manufacturing power.In recent years,industrial robots have been widely used in our country,and the installation quantity and total quantity have ranked first in the world for many consecutive years.While providing an important grip for the transformation and upgrading of the manufacturing industry,it also affects the labor employment in the manufacturing industry.This paper studies this effect.Firstly,relevant literatures on industrial robots,manufacturing employment and the impact of technological progress on employment are reviewed,and the mechanism of the impact of industrial robots on manufacturing employment is analyzed based on relevant theories.Secondly,through the relevant data of international robot federation,the application status and industry development status of Chinese industrial robot are analyzed,and then the manufacturing industry employment situation is analyzed.Finally,the empirical analysis is based on the provincial panel data of 30 provinces from 2010 to 2019.The dual fixed effect model is used to empirically study the impact of the application of industrial robots on manufacturing employment,and the endogenous problem is dealt with by iv-2sls method.The following conclusions are drawn: First,the impact of industrial robots on employment has both substitution effect and creation effect,which includes productivity improvement and job creation.Second,industrial robots are mainly applied in the automobile industry and electronic and electrical industry in our country.Our industrial robots industry has problems such as lack of core technology accumulation,weak supporting ability and insufficient reserves of talents.Thirdly,manufacturing employment in our country is mainly concentrated in the east coastal provinces,which is reflected in the personnel composition of the skilled labor force increasing year by year.Fourthly,it is found in the empirical study that the creation effect generated by the application of industrial robots in China is greater than the substitution effect.The total effect is to promote employment,which is reflected in the increase of one industrial robot per thousand people and the increase of 1.72% of labor employment in the manufacturing industry.Then,the robustness test of the empirical results is conducted from the two aspects of removing part of samples and selecting different time intervals.The reliability of the conclusion is verified.Based on the heterogeneity analysis of the east,middle,west and northeast regions,it is found that industrial robots have the largest promoting effect on employment in the northeast region,followed by the western region and the eastern region.In the central region,industrial robots have a negative effect on employment.According to the conclusions,the following policy suggestions are put forward: to improve the application level of industrial robots and give full play to the effect of job creation;Accelerate technology research and development to achieve a better integration of human and machine;Cultivate highly skilled personnel vigorously and establish orientation training mechanism;We will improve the social security system and prudently address the impact of employment substitution. |
PDF Full Text Request