Research On Enterprise Digital Transformation Evaluation And Its Employment Effect

At present,the construction of digital China has made decisive progress and remarkable results,and China’s digital economy has achieved leapfrog development.In this context,digital transformation has also become the only choice for Chinese enterprises to achieve high-quality development.Enterprise digital transformation is a long-term process that requires continuous iteration,which requires high investment costs,cutting-edge technical support and flexible transformation strategies,but digital transformation will also bring high-quality development opportunities to enterprises.Enterprise digital transformation is one of the core tasks of digital China construction,how to define enterprise digitalization;How to evaluate the digitalization of enterprises,what achievements have been achieved in the digital transformation of enterprises in China,and other topics have been widely concerned by scholars at home and abroad.A scientific enterprise digital transformation evaluation tool is the basis of relevant academic research and business application,so this paper hopes to construct a scientific and accurate enterprise digital transformation evaluation index based on the research of previous scholars,and study the impact of enterprise digital transformation on enterprise employment based on this index.First,this paper reviews the existing research results of enterprise digitalization.By systematically summarizing the previous research results,this paper defines enterprise digitalization as a process in which enterprises plan digital development routes based on their own endowments and business characteristics,rely on the strong power brought by digital technology,use data as a new input production factor,achieve the goals of cost reduction and efficiency increase,and ultimately enhance the competitiveness of enterprises.Secondly,this paper analyzes and compares the existing enterprise digital evaluation tools,which lays a theoretical foundation for the construction of the subsequent listed enterprise digital index.Based on the above background,this paper selects the data of A-share enterprises listed in Shanghai and Shenzhen from 2016 to 2021,and describes the intensity of digital transformation of enterprises from the perspectives of the frequency of annual reports and digital investment of enterprises.Firstly,based on the definition of enterprise digitalization,a dictionary of digital characteristics covering the whole industry is constructed from the two levels of "underlying digital technology" and "industry digital application".Secondly,with the help of web crawler technology,the annual reports of listed enterprises are collected,the text of "management discussion and analysis" is selected,and the annual report chapters are divided into four parts: "business overview","core competitiveness analysis","business situation" and "future prospects",and based on the word frequency data characteristics and information disclosure content of different chapters,the word frequency weighting is carried out by combining Critic and importance ranking method to construct the enterprise digital index 1.0.Then,the proportion of digital investment in the intangible asset investment projects of listed enterprises is used as the enterprise digitalization index 2.0,and the final listed enterprise digitalization index 3.0 is constructed based on index 1.0 and index 2.0,and the industry digitalization index is obtained according to the weight of the revenue proportion of individual enterprises in their industries.The results show that from 2016 to 2021,the digital transformation level of Shanghai and Shenzhen A-share listed enterprises has improved year by year,and digital transformation has begun to touch the core business of enterprises,but there are significant differences in the digital level of various industries,and the digital level of high-tech enterprises,service enterprises and digital industrialization characteristics is generally higher.In empirical research,this paper focuses on the impact of digital transformation on enterprise employment and analyzes the influence mechanism behind it.The results show that the improvement of the digital level of enterprises will significantly reduce the employment demand of enterprises,and the substitution effect is concentrated on the employment demand of low education or low technical requirements,which in turn drives the transformation of enterprise employment structure to high education and high technology.In the heterogeneity analysis,it is found that in manufacturing enterprises,non-state-owned enterprises and industrial digital enterprises,there is a significant substitution effect of enterprise digital transformation on employment demand,but in all types of enterprises,enterprise digital transformation will reduce the employment demand of low-tech or loweducated employees.The channel mechanism shows that the digital transformation of enterprises can reduce the employment demand of enterprises by improving employee compensation and total factor productivity.Based on the existing theoretical research,this paper quantitatively studies the digital transformation level of enterprises,and proposes a more accurate evaluation tool for enterprise digital transformation on the basis of the existing research results,hoping to provide reference for the measurement and evaluation of the digital transformation level of Chinese enterprises,and provide corresponding data support for promoting the digital transformation research of Chinese enterprises.The empirical research in this paper can provide some practical guidance for avoiding excessive impact of digital transformation on the job market,and at the same time provide some policy implications for government related work.