| Purpose: Short track speed skating is our country’s ace event of ice and snow events.In the recent 5 Winter Olympic Games,half of all gold medals won by our athletes come from short track speed skating.With the continuous improvement of the skill level of short track speed skating,tactics and strategies have become the key for high-level athletes to achieve excellent results.This research aims to find efficient tactics and to improve our country’s athletes’ performances and provide some practice and theory support for the training and contest of short track speed skating professional athletes.Methods:By using the methods of literature,expert interview,video observation,mathematical statistics and other methods,the single lap ranking and single lap time of the men’s 1000 m event quarterfinal of the short track speed skating World Cup,World Championship and Winter Olympics in2018-2022(the latest Winter Olympic cycle)were analyzed statistically,and their tactical positioning was studied.Conclusions:(1)In the first four laps,most of the athletes adopted the following tactics.Kendall’s tau-b correlation analysis shows that the athletes accelerated from the fifth lap(r=0.376),flexibly adopted the variable speed sliding tactics,overtaking tactics,anti-overtaking tactics and sprint tactics.Most elite athletes tend to adjust their speed at the beginning to save energy,and then follow up after the start.The energy saved in the early stage is used in the end sprint to create the best position in the late stage of the race,which is an effective tactic to improve the ranking in short track speed skating at present.(2)At the beginning of the 1000 m event,gliding in a position other than first place gives you a better chance to observe your competitors and overtake them at the right time.(3)In the first 4 laps of the race,athletes spend a lot of time.In order to create achievements and break records,athletes need to improve their sliding speed in the first 4 laps,break their own limits,and flexibly use the starting position grab tactic,the leading slip tactic and the anti-overtaking tactic.(4)Elite athletes have the highest probability of winning the first place when they are placed in the first place on laps 7 and 8.It is worth mentioning that the elite athletes are better than other athletes in the group in starting sprint ability and accelerating sprint ability in the back.The elite athletes are better than other athletes in the group in using position grabbing tactics,leading slide tactics,sprinting tactics in the back and overtaking tactics in the future.(5)In the four seasons from 2018 to 2022,the tactics adopted by the athletes of different countries gradually shifted from the goal orientation of creating the best performance to the goal orientation of winning the best ranking.The relative speed of the athletes in the first four laps is relatively slow,and from the seventh(r=0.598)lap,the athletes will sprint,which is the competition of absolute speed.(6)The average lap time of athletes in different seasons has significant difference between different groups and laps,but the difference has no significant law.To some extent,this proves that short track speed skating field accidents are frequent,tactics can be disrupted at any time.(7)A few athletes will adopt aggressive tactics in competition,but the success rate is not high and the risk of being punished by the referee is high.Reducing mistakes and overtaking other athletes at the right time is also a tactical strategy worth adopting at the top.In general,excellent athletes adopt the starting position grabbing strategy in the first lap,the following strategy in the first four laps,change the sliding rhythm from the fifth lap,gradually accelerate,use the overtaking strategy at the appropriate time,and sprint to the seventh lap.In order to get the first result,they should ensure that they are in the first position in the eighth lap,and the sliding speed in the last three laps has the greatest impact on the final result.This is an effective tactical positioning model for the current men’s 1000 m event. |
