| At the summary and commendation conference of the Beijing Winter Olympics and Paralympics,General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out that "the majority of Chinese athletes and coaches have fulfilled the requirements of winning the gold medal of ethics,style and cleanliness with practical actions,interpreted the Olympic spirit and the Chinese sports spirit,achieved both sports achievements and spiritual civilization,and won honors for the Party and the people!" The 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics has left a valuable legacy to China’s sports industry,especially in the field of competitive sports,which is a major test for China’s winter sports training.The short distance event of the Chinese short track speed skating team is undoubtedly a success in the face of this big exam.The summary and analysis of the annual training characteristics of the successful preparation for the competition is the rule summary and experience basis for the mature sports training theory,the construction of sports training methods,and the design of sports training content.It is valuable and significant to form the corresponding winter sports training concept,guide sports training practice,prepare for important international events,build the annual training preparation model,summarize sports training methods,etc.The main research content of this paper is the annual sprint training characteristics of the Chinese short track speed skating team in preparation for the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympic Games,taking 14 excellent athletes of short distance event team of China Short track speed skating team as the survey object.On the basis of fully understanding and summarizing the overall concept and preparation plan of the Chinese short track speed skating team in preparation for the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympic Games,the division of annual training cycle,training content,training methods and characteristics of training load are analyzed and discussed in depth,and the following conclusions are reached:1.The overall goal of the Chinese short track speed skating team in preparing for the2022 Beijing Winter Olympic Games is to create the best record in the history of China’s participation in the Winter Olympics and Paralympics,and to undertake the specific task goal of winning more gold and silver MEDALS in the short track speed skating event.The war preparation consists of four years,namely,expansion year,fixed point year,elite soldier year and sprint year.Each year includes different stages and objectives.2.The annual training characteristics of the sprint year for the 2022 Winter Olympics are to adhere to the principle of combining "three requirements and one major" with scientific training;insist on the recognition that "physical ability is the entrance to the competition";adhere to the innovative idea that science and technology help prepare for the war,the training load of special ability on ice presents a "pyramid" structural feature,and the special ability training reflects the characteristics of both "promoting technology with body" and "promoting body with technology";speed ability training is the dominant training,and strength training presents the cycle sequence pattern of maximum strength explosive force speed strength;pay attention to individual characteristics and abilities of athletes.3.The characteristics of the annual sprint training cycle of the Chinese short track speed skating team in preparation for the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics can be divided into five stages: physical strengthening period,technology transformation period,ability improvement period,actual practice period,competition-post competition period.The main characteristics of the division of sprint annual cycle are detailed stage division,clear task objectives and year-round closed training.The main objective of the physical strength strengthening period is to reserve and strengthen the basic physical strength.The main objective of the technology transformation period is to improve and improve the technology.The main objective of the ability improvement period is to improve the competitive ability through ice training.The main objective of the actual practice period is to adjust the competitive state through competition instead of training.The main objective of the competition period and the late competition period is to complete the Winter Olympics and recover after the competition.4.The characteristics of the training content of the Chinese short track speed skating team in preparation for the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics sprint year are systematic and targeted,which is reflected in the design of the training content in the annual preparation plan,and the targeted design of the training content in solving specific problems and achieving specific goals.The training content mainly includes anaerobic training,mixed oxygen training,acid resistance training,speed training,aerobic training and strength training.The arrangement of training content shows that the proportion of training content in different training stages is different.The training content of anaerobic ability is the main content of the sprint year training.The anaerobic ability training runs through the whole sprint year training.The aerobic ability training and strength training are the basic characteristics of the basic training content of the overall training.5.After all,the training load of China’s short track speed skating team in the sprint year after the Winter Olympics will show two characteristics of increasing and wavy.The training load and load intensity will increase in both urban and rural areas during the period of strengthening physical fitness and the period of technical transformation,and follow the principle of appropriate load and gradual progress;The load volume and load intensity during the capacity enhancement period and the simulation competition period show a wave like transformation trend,following the principle of appropriate load and timely recovery.At the same time,the design and arrangement of training load also reflects the individual characteristics of athletes.The load follows the individual adjustment and change based on the benchmark load standard.6.The sprint year training features of China’s short track speed skating in preparation for the 2022 Winter Olympics are highly scientific and highly scientific,realizing scientific training and technology assisted training.Specifically,it is characterized by enhancing scientific and technological awareness,strengthening training monitoring,refining physical training,optimizing psychological counseling,developing equipment and equipment,establishing big data processing center,improving medical rehabilitation system,paying attention to scientific nutrition diet,precise sleep intervention,building a scientific training base,and building an international cooperation platform.In particular,innovative features are realized in new methods and new methods such as basic physical training methods,drag reduction sports equipment,auxiliary training means,precise training monitoring and fatigue recovery intervention.Based on the above research,this paper draws the following enlightenments: First,fully inherit and give play to the scientific understanding formed in the cycle training of China’s short track speed skating team for the 2022 Winter Olympics.Second,the characteristics of annual training require us to dialectically understand the relationship between anaerobic ability and aerobic ability in short track speed skating.The improvement of anaerobic ability requires aerobic ability as the basis,and anaerobic ability is the main performance of the competitive ability in short distance events.Third,in the annual training of major short track speed skating events,it is necessary to properly handle the key to physical training and skill training.Fourth,attach great importance to the problems exposed in the competition and need to be corrected in time in training.Fifth,we need to attach great importance to scientific training and training process monitoring. |
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