| Purpose:A biomechanical analysis of adolescents with upper crossed syndrome(UCS)was conducted to identify the differences between adolescents with UCS and normal adolescents and to investigate the biomechanical characteristics of the body of adolescents with UCS under different sports movements,with the aim of exploring the mechanisms of the effects of UCS on human motor function and then suggesting more targeted intervention strategies for adolescents with UCS.Methods:In this study,20 adolescents with upper crossed syndrome(UCS group)and 16 normal adolescents(CON group)were recruited as the experimental group and the cervical spine dysfunction index(NDI),Northwick Park Neck Pain Scale(NPQ)and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index(PSQI)were used to understand The subjects’ basic conditions and the extent to which upper crossed syndrome affects the daily life of the adolescents;the Qualisys 3D motion capture and Kistler 3D ergometer were used to collect biomechanical data from adolescents with upper crossed syndrome and normal adolescents,and the movements tested were gait,closed-eye single-leg balance and functional push-ups,to analyse the angles of the head,neck and spine,the joints of the hip,knee and ankle in terms of moments,angles and so on,The differences in the angles of the head,neck and spine,and in the moments and angles of the joints of the hip,knee and ankle were analysed.Results:1.The scores on the NDI,PSQI and NPQ scales were higher in the boys and gender-neutral UCS group than in the CON group,with statistically significant differences(P < 0.05).2.Gait indicators showed that:(1)when comparing gait between the girls’ groups,there was a highly significant difference in the maximum value of ankle flexion-extension angle between the two groups in the first peak-valley phase of the girls’ group(P < 0.05);in the valley-second peak phase of the girls’ group,the range of change in hip abduction-adduction moment,the At the trough-second peak stage for the female group,there were highly significant differences(P < 0.05)between the two groups in the range of change in hip abduction-adduction moment,range of change in knee inversion-external rotation moment,maximum head forward flexion angle and maximum left-right rotation angle,maximum knee flexion-extension angle and maximum ankle flexion-extension angle;at the first peak moment for the female group,there were significant differences(P < 0.05)between the two groups in the range of change in head forward flexion angle,maximum left-right rotation angle,maximum knee flexion-extension angle and maximum ankle flexion-extension angle.There were significant differences between the two groups(P< 0.05).(2)When comparing the gait between the male groups,during the first peak-valley phase of the male group,there were statistically significant differences(P < 0.05)between the two groups in the range of change in internal and external hip rotation moment,the range of change in internal and external knee rotation moment,the range of change in COM left and right direction,the range of internal and external hip rotation angle,and the range of internal and external knee rotation angle;during the trough-second peak moment,there were significant differences(P < 0.05)between the two groups in hip abduction-adduction moment maximum,knee inversion-external rotation moment maximum,ankle inversion-external rotation moment maximum,anterior-posterior direction change maximum and vertical direction change range,hip internal-external rotation angle range,knee flexion-extension angle range and internal-external rotation angle range;in At the moment of the second peak in the male group,there were significant differences(P <0.05)between the two groups in the internal and external rotation moments of the hip joint and the internal and external rotation moments of the knee joint.At the first peak moment in the male group,there were significant differences(P < 0.05)between the two groups in the internal and external rotation and flexion-extension moments of the hip joint,the internal and external rotation moment of the knee joint and the internal and external rotation moment of the ankle joint.(3)When comparing gait between groups regardless of gender,the differences in the range of variation of ankle internal rotation and external rotation moments between the two groups were significant in the first peak-valley phase(P < 0.05);in the valley-second peak phase,the maximum value and range of variation of hip abduction and internal retraction moments,knee internal rotation and external rotation moments max,head forward flexion angle max,hip internal rotation and external rotation angle range,knee internal rotation and external rotation angle range,and ankle flexion and extension angle max between the two groups were statistically significant(P < 0.05);at the second peak moment,the differences in head forward flexion angle max,knee internal rotation and external rotation moment,and ankle flexion and extension angle between the two groups were statistically significant(P < 0.05)3.Closed-eye single-leg balance indicators showed that:(1)The differences in the maximum displacement of the left side of the shoulder peak and the range of change in the left-right rotation angle of the pelvis between the female UCS group and the female CON group were statistically significant(P<0.05).(2)The difference in the maximum distance of change in anterior-posterior pelvic tilt between the male UCS group and the male CON group was statistically significant(P <0.05).(3)The differences between the UCS group and the CON group,regardless of gender,were statistically significant(P <0.05)for the maximum distance of anterior-posterior maximum displacement and lateral maximum displacement of the shoulder crest,the maximum distance of anterior-posterior pelvic tilt change,the maximum distance of COP in the anterior-posterior direction,the range of hip abduction and adduction angle change and the maximum angle of flexion and extension of the ankle joint.4.Functional push-up indicators showed that:(1)During the holding-up phase,there were statistically significant differences between the UCS group of girls and the CON group of girls in the range of change in the angle of forward head tilt flexion and the range of change in the angle of left and right lateral flexion(P <0.05).At the highest moment of bracing,there was a statistically significant difference(P <0.05)in the forward displacement of the shoulder peak and the C7＿T6＿T12 flexion angle between the two groups of girls.(2)During the bracing phase,there was a statistically significant difference between the two groups of boys in the range of change in the angle of lateral flexion of the head forward to the left and right,and the maximum angle of O＿C7＿T12 flexion and extension(P <0.05).(3)During the bracing phase,there was a statistically significant difference in the maximum angle of left and right rotation,the range of change in the angle of flexion and the range of change in the angle of left and right lateral flexion of the forward head tilt between the two groups regardless of gender(P <0.05).The differences in C7＿T6＿T12 flexion and extension angles between the two groups,irrespective of gender,at the highest bracing moment were statistically significant(P <0.05).Conclusion:1.The male,gender-neutral UCS group had significantly poorer cervical spine function and sleep quality than the CON group.2.In terms of gait biomechanical characteristics,(1)Girls in the UCS group had worse plantar flexor strength or plantar flexion stirrup function in both phases and at the second peak moment,as suggested by the UCS group.At the trough-second peak phase,it was suggested that girls in the UCS group had worse knee joint stability.During the trough-second peak phase and second peak moment,the girls in the UCS group had more pronounced anterior cervical tilt and less flexibility.(2)The boys in the UCS group had inadequate gluteus maximus muscle strength and worse pelvic stability during the first peak-valley phase,the valley-second peak phase,and the second peak moment.(3)During the two phases in gait,several indicators in the gender-neutral UCS group suggested that gluteus maximus muscle strength and pelvic stability were significantly weaker in the UCS group than in the CON group.During the trough-second peak phase and second peak moment,the UCS group had a significantly greater degree of forward head tilt than the CON group.At the second peak,the ankle flexion angle maximum index suggested poorer plantar flexor function in the UCS group.These may affect the conduction of the associated motor chain.3.Comparing the biomechanical characteristics of single-leg balance from closed eyes revealed that the pelvic anterior tilt was more pronounced in the male,gender-neutral UCS group.The balance performance of the gender-neutral UCS group was not as good as that of the CON group,and the UCS group suggested the possibility of tibialis anterior and hip adductor tightness;the girls in the UCS group,the boys in the UCS group,and the gender-neutral UCS group all had poorer functional strength profiles of the neck and shoulder and upper limb muscles,and spinal stability was not as good as that of the CON.4.In terms of functional push-up biomechanical characteristics,it was found that girls,boys and the gender-neutral UCS group all had a poorer functional situation in terms of strength in the neck and shoulder and upper limb muscles,and also performed less well in terms of spinal stability than the CON group.5.The effect of UCS on human motor function is mostly realized by spiral channel,and maintaining or restoring spiral muscle function can solve the related problems of UCS.The development of UCS intervention strategy needs to take into account the integrity of the human body,out of the symptoms of local treatment thinking,in order to achieve better intervention results. |
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