Analysis Of The Causes Of The Turning Of American Science And Technology Policy To China From The Perspective Of Social Alliance

Since the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and the United States,the two countries have maintained cooperation-based scientific and technological exchanges.After the Trump administration took office,the Sino-US scientific and technological relations have undergone historic changes.The United States positions China as a strategic competitor,and uses administrative,legislative,public opinion,diplomatic and other means to contain and suppress China’s scientific and technological development in a "whole-government" style,and its science and technology policy toward China has turned;,and adjusted specific policies:using the strategy of small courtyards and high walls to continue to implement the containment strategy in key technological fields,focusing more power on promoting technological development within the United States,and emphasizing the need to cooperate with China in other non-critical areas cooperate.A country’s foreign policy is closely related to its domestic politics.The domestic social factors in the United States are often neglected in the existing research on the US science and technology policy toward China.This paper attempts to use the perspective of social alliance theory to explore the domestic social forces in the United States by taking the science and technology policy towards China as the object,using inductive and deductive methods and case analysis methods.interaction,and interpret the motives behind the U.S.science and technology policy shift towards China.The first chapter introduces the analytical framework of the theory of social alliances.Class alliances and industrial alliances are the two major components of social alliances.It proposes a framework for the influence of social alliances on foreign policy.Class alliances express political demands through election activities,and industrial alliances are Taking the form of political lobbying and donations to influence the political process,policy makers adjust the direction of foreign policy according to the value orientation and political demands of social alliances;at the same time,the composition and development of American social alliances are reviewed.Chapter 2 sorts out and summarizes the U.S.science and technology policy towards China during the Trump administration period,and analyzes that the policy during this period was characterized by comprehensive containment,and elaborated on the micro-foundation of its policy evolution with strata alliances and industry alliances,that is,support for Trump The general class alliance advocates the value of America first,hoping to solve employment and be strong against China;the industrial alliance hopes to revitalize the traditional manufacturing industry,develop traditional energy,and open up the development distance with China in the semiconductor field.Therefore,the Trump administration has pursued a policy of comprehensive containment in an attempt to decouple technology from China.Chapter 3 sorts out and summarizes the U.S.science and technology policy towards China during the Biden period,and analyzes that the policy during this period was characterized by precise containment and limited cooperation.The strata alliances of the 1990s are more concerned with the values of freedom and equality.The industrial alliances do not exclude defending technological sovereignty,and also demand to maintain the economic interests of cooperation with China.Therefore,the Biden administration adopts a policy of precise containment,strengthens containment in key areas,and cooperates with China in individual areas.