| Under the background of beautiful China and ecological civilization construction,tourism ecological security has gradually become an important support for regional economic growth,ecological environment improvement and sustainable development.The holding of the Beijing Winter Olympics has greatly boosted the development of China’s ice and snow tourism.At present,China has formed a development trend of ice and snow tourism with equal emphasis on ice and snow sightseeing and skiing leisure vacation.However,it is accompanied by threats such as the loss of destination resources,soil and water loss and the sharp decline of biodiversity.How to promote the ecological construction of ice and snow tourism,realize the virtuous cycle of ice and snow tourism destination ecosystem and improve the level of ecological security is an important content for ice and snow tourism destination to realize regional high-quality development and sustainable development presently.Aiming at the frontier research issues of tourism ecological security and the practical needs of ecological security maintenance of ice and snow tourism destinations,this paper studied the evaluation and optimization of ecological security in ice and snow tourism destinations.Firstly,based on the research process and methods of tourism ecological security,this paper expounds and analyzes the research contents of ecological security,and then carries out research review and prospect,so as to provide scientific support for follow-up research.Secondly,this paper defines and discriminates the three important related concepts,and expounds the tourism ecological related theories such as human land relationship regional system,sustainable development theory,tourism ecological security theory,system dynamics theory and stakeholder theory,which lays the theoretical foundation of the full text.Thirdly,taking Chongli district as a case site,this paper systematically analyzes the development process of ice and snow tourism,and uses the theory of system dynamics to analyze the operation mechanism and internal causality of the ecological security system of ice and snow tourism destination.Therefore,the DPSIR-EES(Drive-Pressure-State-ImpactResponse—Environment-economy-society)evaluation model and index system of ecological security of ice and snow tourism destination are constructed.Fourth,the comprehensive index of ecological security of ice and snow tourism destination in Chongli district from 1995 to 2019 is calculated and analyzed by using entropy method,analytic hierarchy process and grey correlation projection method.On this basis,the differentiation characteristics of obstacle factors are studied.Fifthly,the weighted TOPSIS method is used to evaluate the ecological security alarm of ice and snow tourism destination in Chongli district from 1995 to 2019,and the grey GM(1,1)model is used to analyze the evolution trend of ecological security early warning of ice and snow tourism destination in Chongli district from 2020 to 2030,so as to further study and judge the development trend and optimization direction of ecological security of ice and snow tourism destination in Chongli district in the future.Finally,this paper explores the optimal regulation mode and path of ecological security of ice and snow tourism destination,so as to provide theoretical reference for the sustainable development of ice and snow tourism destination.The main conclusions of this paper are as follows:1.Temporal evolution characteristics of ecological security level of ice and snow tourism destination.(1)The ecological security of ice and snow tourist destination in Chongli district shows a stable upward trend as a whole.(2)The ecological security of each subsystem and the overall ecological security are always in a balanced state of mutual coordination.(3)The status,impact and response subsystem are the key support for the improvement of the overall ecological security level.While it is of vital importance for us to focus on the driving force and pressure system and take targeted improvement measures.2.Analysis of obstacle factors of ecological security in ice and snow tourism destination.(1)The ecological security of ice and snow tourism destination in Chongli district has no obstacle factors with continuous impact,and the overall obstacle degree is small.(2)The main obstacle factors of ecological security of ice and snow tourism destination in Chongli district come from the economic level.(3)The early threats to ecological security in Chongli district mainly came from the environmental level,and the obstacle factors at the economic level gradually appeared in recent years.(4)The obstacle effect of ice and snow tourism development on ecological security in Chongli district is gradually weakened,but the obstacle effect at the overall economic level still needs to be weakened by key measures.3.Temporal evolution characteristics of ecological security early warning measurement of ice and snow tourism destination.(1)The measurement of ecological security warning is a powerful supplement and evidence of ecological security evaluation.(2)The ecological security warning situation of ice and snow tourism destination in Chongli district has been gradually improved,but the warning state of the driving force and pressure system still needs to be improved.(3)From 2020 to 2030,the ecological security warning situation of ice and snow tourist destinations in Chongli district will further improve.While for the driving force system,it still needs to be improved.4.Optimal regulation and path of ecological security of ice and snow tourism destination.This paper constructs an optimal regulation model of ecological security of ice and snow tourism destinations,which takes the coordination mechanism of the government,local communities,tourism enterprises and tourists as the basement,the red line of ecological protection as the boundary,the development of ecological economy as the driving force,the intensive utilization of resources as the guarantee,the social coordination and balance as the basis,and the transformation and upgrading of science and technology as the guide.On this basis,this paper puts forward the optimal regulation path at the corresponding level for the ecological security construction of ice and snow tourism destination in Chongli district.Based on the academic frontier,this paper comprehensively constructs a DPSIREES evaluation model and index system for the ecological security of ice and snow tourism destinations,as well as systematically develops the ecological security evaluation and optimization research of ice and snow tourism destination in Chongli district.This study will help broaden the types of tourist destinations for ecological security evaluation and early warning research,enrich the theoretical basis of ice and snow tourism,tourism ecological security and tourism geography,improve the cognition of ice and snow tourism destinations on their own ecological security,provide decision-making basis for the coordinated development of human land relations and the healthy and sustainable development of ice and snow tourism,as well as provide case reference for the high-quality development of ice and snow tourism and the coordinated optimization of regional tourism and ecological security. |
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