| In the process of China’s rapid industrialization and urbanization,rural population outflow,rural traditional industry exhaustion,rural marginalization,rural ecological environment deterioration,village hollowing out and other "rural diseases" problems are increasingly prominent.In order to solve such problems as the loss of rural population,insufficient rural development,and uncoordinated urban-rural development,the state has put forward the strategy of rural revitalization to achieve the rural development goals of "prosperous industry,livable ecology,civilized rural customs,effective governance,and affluent life".The guiding opinions on promoting rural industrial revitalization issued by the State Council in 2019 clearly pointed out that industrial prosperity is not only an important basis for rural revitalization,but also a prerequisite for solving all rural problems.In fact,industrial development is not only the key to rural revitalization,but also the "golden key" to rural economic development and coordinated urban-rural development.Due to the vast rural area and large population in China,the development of rural industry in various regions also has certain regional differences due to the influence of different geographical environment,resource endowment and socio-economic conditions.Especially in large agricultural provinces such as Henan Province,the problem of unbalanced and insufficient development of rural industry is more prominent.The prosperity of rural industry depends not only on the development of primary industry,but also on the development of rural non-agricultural industry.Therefore,it is necessary to deeply explore the spatial pattern and evolution law of rural non-agricultural industry development,so as to provide a scientific basis for promoting industrial revitalization according to local conditions.Based on the enterprise registration data of 2000,2010 and 2018,taking Henan Province as an example,through the integration of multiple data such as land use data,night light data,census data and socio-economic statistics,this paper adopts the method of combining spatial analysis,spatial econometrics and cause analysis,This paper analyzes the temporal and spatial pattern and driving factors of the development of rural non-agricultural industry.Firstly,based on the statistical data of rural non-agricultural employment and POI data of Rural Non-agricultural enterprises,this paper discusses the overall development process of rural non-agricultural industry and the development characteristics of various industries;Secondly,based on the descriptive analysis and spatial autocorrelation analysis of rural non-agricultural industry in each district and county,this paper discusses the temporal and spatial pattern and spatial relationship of rural non-agricultural industry development based on district and county scale;Then,using the method of kernel density analysis,this paper discusses the spatial pattern and evolution characteristics of rural nonagricultural industry,rural secondary industry and tertiary industry,and rural key industries(manufacturing and wholesale)in Henan Province;Finally,based on the spatial econometric model,this paper discusses the spatial driving factors of rural non-agricultural industry development.The main results are as follows:(1)The overall development level of rural non-agricultural industry in Henan Province is not high,but the development speed is fast.The development level of tertiary industry is better than that of secondary industry,but the growth rate of secondary industry is better than that of tertiary industry.Manufacturing and wholesale and retail industry account for the largest proportion in rural non-agricultural industry,among which non-metallic mineral products industry and agricultural and sideline food processing industry account for a large proportion.The proportion of agriculture,forestry,animal husbandry and fishery specialty and auxiliary activities and construction industry in non-agricultural industries showed a significant upward trend.From 2000 to 2018,the employment of rural primary industry in Henan Province was generally higher than that of nonagricultural industry.After 2002,the government’s financial support for key rural leading firms and policy guidance for farmers’ burden reduction created favorable conditions for the rapid development of rural non-agricultural industry in Henan Province.(2)The spatial distribution of rural non-agricultural industries has obvious spatial and temporal heterogeneity based on county scale.In 2000-2018,the regional differences of rural nonagricultural industries in different districts and counties were narrowed.The Non-agricultural enterprises showed fragmentary and semi circular distribution to the core of Zhengzhou.The overall distribution pattern is high in the north,followed by the east,and low in the west and south;The spatial difference between counties in middle north is increasing,and the spatial difference between the western and middle South region is decreasing.(3)The spatial distribution pattern of rural non-agricultural industry based on grid scale is moving towards the center periphery structure in the continuous adjustment and reorganization.In 2000,the spatial distribution pattern of nuclear density of Rural Non-agricultural enterprises in Henan Province showed the agglomeration mode of "two cores and one axis + multiple points" with Zhengzhou Luoyang as the center along the main highway line;By 2010,it will be transformed into an "umbrella" agglomeration model with six cities of Xuchang,Zhengzhou,Luoyang,Jiaozuo,Jiyuan and Xinxiang,and a new high-value agglomeration area will be formed in the southwest and northeast of its "umbrella",showing a pattern of "multi center + continuous belt" as a whole;By2018,the spatial layout of nuclear density of Rural Non-agricultural enterprises has fundamentally changed from the original decentralized spatial structure of double cores and multiple continuous belts to the single core development mode of "center + periphery" with Zhengzhou as the core along the main highway lines.The spatial distribution of rural secondary industry and tertiary industry is similar to the overall spatial layout of rural non-agricultural industry,showing the basic characteristics of high in the east and low in the west,high in the north,middle north,and low in the south.However,the scope of rural secondary industry nuclear density high-value agglomeration area takes the rural area of Zhengzhou as the core and continues to expand to the periphery,while the scope of rural tertiary industry nuclear density agglomeration continues to shrink to the rural area of the core city,The distance attenuation effect of central cities on rural development radiation is more obvious.The degree and scope of nuclear density spatial agglomeration of wholesale and retail industry in Xinxiang and Anyang City in the north of Henan,Nanyang City in the southwest,Kaifeng City and Shangqiu City in the east of Henan,Luohe City and Pingdingshan City in the middle of Henan are greater than those of manufacturing industry in the same year.(4)The spatial distribution and dynamic evolution of rural non-agricultural industry is the result of the joint action of regional background conditions,market forces,location conditions and administrative forces.Among the background conditions,topographic relief,per capita agricultural output value,per capita cultivated land area,rural permanent population and urbanization rate are the basic factors to promote the development of rural non-agricultural industries,which has created good basic conditions for the development of agricultural and sideline food processing industry,rural leisure tourism,wholesale and retail of agricultural products and agricultural related processing industry;In the market power,factors such as rural per capita GDP,enterprise scale and county scale will drive enterprises to choose rural regional layout with large market scale,strong enterprise agglomeration and strong county carrying capacity in order to pursue higher economic benefits.In the location conditions,constrained by the law of spatial attenuating trendency,the distance to the urban area and the road network density of the county have become the key factors restricting the development of rural non-agricultural industries;In terms of administrative power,regional fiscal expenditure capacity is an important driving force for the development of rural non-agricultural industries in terms of policy support. |
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