| Since the reform and opening up,my country’s economy,especially in the coastal areas,has developed rapidly.However,the rapid development of my country’s economy is accompanied by an imbalance in the distribution of regional industries.The central and western regions lack industrial support and economic growth lacks momentum.Compared with the eastern coastal areas,the central and western regions have lower labor costs.Whether the central and western regions can rely on their own comparative advantages to undertake the industries of the eastern regions and promote the industrial development of the central and western regions has become a key to achieving balanced regional development.ring.According to Krugman’s theory,the spatial layout of industries is affected by factors such as the degree of regional industrialization,the size of the market,and transportation costs.However,its CP model has a series of assumptions,such as the same initial factor endowment and the same regional production technology,there is no Ricardo productivity difference and HO factor endowment difference,and with the continuous improvement of my country’s infrastructure,especially the transportation network,It is not sufficient to describe the power of industrial dispersion by transporting costs,a factor that promotes industrial dispersion,and the degree of industrialization and market size are discussed more from the perspective of affecting industrial agglomeration,ignoring the internal factors that affect industrial layout—Differences in labor costs and relative labor productivity of firms’ production.Therefore,in order to deeply understand the motivational factors that promote the spatial distribution of my country’s industries,this paper introduces the effects of factors not considered in spatial economics such as comparative advantage theory on the spatial distribution of industries to analyze the new round of differences in the distribution pattern of China’s manufacturing industries.This not only has a certain reference significance for deciphering how to carry out industrial upgrading in the central and western regions,but also promotes the balanced development of industries in my country’s regions.Existing literatures based on spatial economics focus on the current situation of my country’s industrial spatial distribution and the reasons for the differences in industrial spatial distribution,but their research scales mostly focus on the research at the regional and provincial levels,and rarely focus on the subprovincial level.The reasons for the differences in industrial layout are that most scholars conduct research on a single industry,and rarely conduct cluster research on industries according to certain characteristics.At the same time,scholars pay more attention to the factors that promote industrial agglomeration and the factors that promote industrial dispersion.But not enough.Therefore,according to Krugman’s core-periphery theoretical framework,this paper considers both relative productivity differences and relative production factor differences,based on Aimit’s spatial economics model under the HO framework,and incorporates Ricci’s relative productivity differences.The model of labor productivity difference(agglomeration)and labor cost difference(dispersion),which integrates the theory of comparative advantage into the core-periphery framework,analyzes and discusses the factors affecting the spatial distribution of industries,and hopes to be more accurate to a certain extent.to explain economic reality.Based on the ratio analysis of the output value and the number of enterprises in the prefecture-level cities and the relative spatial Gini coefficient,the current situation of the industrial distribution of 285 prefecture-level cities in my country from 2002 to 2015 was analyzed,and the statistical data from 2002 to 2015 was used.Panel regression analysis of regional industrial distribution,mainly draws the following conclusions:(1)From the perspective of the absolute advantage of the proportion of industrial distribution,from 2002 to 2015,the proportion of industrial output value and number of enterprises in the coastal areas of my country’s labor-intensive industries was larger than that in the inland areas,the eastern area was larger than the central and western areas,and the southern area was larger than the northern area.In addition to the coastal areas,the capital-intensive industries are also more densely distributed along the river,and the overall distribution is more scattered than that of labor-intensive industries;according to the distribution of manufacturing industries in prefecture-level cities,labor-intensive industries are mainly distributed in provincial capitals.In cities and provincial sub-center cities with developed economies,capital-intensive industries are more distributed in areas with better resource endowments.(2)According to the calculation of the relative spatial Gini coefficient in this paper,and the spatial Gini coefficient map of various cities in my country made by ArcGIS software.From the spatial Gini coefficient at the level of prefecture-level cities,it can be seen that coastal areas with higher labor costs are affected by labor cost dispersion,labor-intensive industries are more concentrated in inland areas,while coastal areas are relatively scattered.However,capital-intensive industries are not affected by the dispersing force of labor costs.Instead,labor costs have become the agglomeration force that promotes capital-intensive industries.The distribution in inland areas is relatively scattered,while the distribution in coastal areas is relatively concentrated.(3)From the measurement results of the national panel data:the relative labor productivity difference and the relative labor cost difference are important factors affecting the spatial distribution of my country’s manufacturing industry.The greater the difference in relative labor productivity among different industries,the more concentrated the distribution of industries with higher relative labor productivity.The higher the regional labor cost difference,the more dispersed the industrial distribution in the region.For laborintensive industries,the higher the relative productivity difference between industries,the more the industry tends to agglomerate,and the higher the regional relative factor cost,the more scattered the industry distribution.For capital-intensive industries,the higher the relative labor productivity difference,the more agglomerated industrial distribution,and the level of relative labor cost difference has become an important factor to promote the agglomeration of capital-intensive industries.Moreover,after 2008,the difference in wage levels between regions in my country has widened.Therefore,whether for labor-intensive industries or capital-intensive industries,regional labor cost differences have a greater impact on the distribution of manufacturing industries than before 2008.(4)From the measurement results of the panel data of the eight regions:the differences in relative labor productivity and relative labor costs are also important factors in the distribution of industries within the region.For labor-intensive industries,the difference in relative labor productivity in coastal areas(northern coast,eastern coast,and southern coast)has a lower impact on the distribution of industries than inland areas(the remaining five areas),while the difference in relative labor costs is affected by the greater Coverage of large geographic units is not significant.For capital-intensive industries,the difference in relative labor productivity is still an important factor in promoting industrial agglomeration.The higher the difference in relative labor costs,the denser the distribution of industries in coastal areas,while the changes in industrial distribution in inland areas are not obvious.Finally,according to the conclusions of this paper,the following suggestions are put forward:(1)Different regional governments should cultivate local advantageous industries according to their own comparative advantages,and realize the rational distribution of regional industries.(2)Improve the local technical level and human capital stock,and make full use of the role of economies of scale in improving labor productivity.(3)Promote the construction of urban agglomerations and metropolitan circles,give full play to the advantages of increasing returns to scale in the manufacturing industry,and drive the development of related industries within the scope of economic radiation.(4)Strengthen subsidies for enterprises and labor,reduce production costs of enterprises and attract human capital.(5)Strengthen infrastructure construction in underdeveloped areas,reduce transportation costs,promote industrial agglomeration,and reduce production costs.(6)Cultivate the development of private enterprises and improve the production vitality of the industry. |
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