Study On The Structure And Influencing Factors Of Transnational Patent Cooperation Network Of “the Belt And Road Initiative” Based On Multi-scale Perspective

The “14th Five-Year Plan” proposal emphasizes that the new development pattern is not a closed domestic cycle,but an open domestic and international cycle.“the Belt and Road Initiative” can promote a higher level of opening up to the outside world and inject new momentum into the coordinated development of the internal and external cycles,which is an essential part of the “domestic and international double cycle”strategy.The science and technology cooperation between China and countries along the “the Belt and Road Initiative” needs to be further deepened,thus promoting the high-quality development of the “the Belt and Road Initiative”.Patent is an important result of scientific and technological innovation,which directly reflects the level of science and technology and innovation ability.Transnational patent cooperation is an important way of international technology transfer and diffusion and provides an important promotion role for the scientific and technological development of each country.This paper studies the overall patent cooperation situation of countries along the “the Belt and Road Initiative” from a multi-scale perspective and uses the complex network analysis method to study the network characteristics of the “the Belt and Road Initiative” transnational patent cooperation network from 2010 to 2019,from macroglobal to meso-module to micro-motif,examining the structural changes of the patent cooperation network,the position of each country in the patent cooperation network and the relationship pattern of patent cooperation,and using the Exponential Random Graph Models to comprehensively analyze the main influencing factors of the “the Belt and Road Initiative” transnational patent cooperation network from endogenous structural effect to node attribute effect to external network effect.The study found that:(1)Macro level.The tightness of the transnational patent cooperation network of “the Belt and Road Initiative” has shown a rising trend,with the number of patent cooperation among countries increasing year by year,the patent cooperation links getting closer year by year,the barriers to information transfer in the patent cooperation network lowering,and the efficiency of patent cooperation improving significantly.The trend of patent cooperation behavior being controlled by a few important countries in the network decreases and the development is more balanced.(2)Meso level.In terms of the cooperation mode of patent cooperation network,the low breadth-low depth type,which used to account for the largest proportion,gradually decreases,while the high breadth-high depth type keeps growing,and the depth and breadth of cooperation of patent cooperation network both continue to deepen.In the process of patent cooperation network evolution,a core-edge structure has emerged,and two important core cooperation groups led by China and Israel,and Russia and India have gradually formed,but some edge countries have not been well integrated into the patent cooperation network after “the Belt and Road Initiative”.(3)Micro level.The patent cooperation network is more of a fully connected structure,with a more balanced position among cooperating countries,more efficient cooperation,and more development in the direction of distributed cooperation,and the diversity and complexity of roles in the microstructure of the network have increased,and China’s micro role is mainly the core leading player.(4)Influencing factor level.Countries with common partners are more likely to cooperate with each other,indicating that “the Belt and Road Initiative” transnational patent cooperation network is transmissive;countries with similar cooperation breadth have a greater tendency to cooperate with each other,while countries with high cooperation depth do not have the tendency to cooperate with each other,partnerships are more likely to be based on matching technology supply and demand or ease of collaboration as the primary consideration;the most important political system factor affecting patent cooperation among countries along the Belt and Road is government effectiveness,and the most important legal system factor affecting patent cooperation is intellectual property protection;countries that are geographically bordered and that share a common language will be more likely to experience patent cooperation,but with less impact;patent cooperation is more likely to occur among countries that have signed bilateral investment treaties and trade transactions and has a significant positive effect on the transnational patent cooperation network.