Study On The Impact Of Agricultural Mechanisation On The Structure Of Food Cultivation

Preventing the "Non-grain" of arable land and effectively establishing food production has always been an important task in China’s food security efforts.The No.1 document of the Central Government in 2023 proposed to strictly prevent "cutting green and destroying grain",establish a big food concept and accelerate the research and development and promotion of advanced agricultural machinery.but with industrialization and urbanization crowding out rural resources,labor migration and rising prices,agricultural machinery is gradually replacing labor as an important input factor for grain production.Therefore,the promotion of full-scale mechanical operation of food crops is the basic path to change the mode of agricultural development and improve agricultural efficiency,and it is also an important trigger for the adjustment of agricultural cultivation structure and its "grain-oriented" in recent years.Studying the current level of agricultural mechanization,analyzing the characteristics of the spatial and temporal changes in the structure of rural food cultivation,accurately grasping the trends of changes in the structure of food cultivation,and exploring the impact of agricultural mechanization on the structure of food cultivation.It’s play an important role for enhancing the balance and accessibility of agricultural mechanization,optimizing and adjusting the structure of food cultivation,promoting the construction of a national food security guarantee industry,promoting agricultural modernization,helping to revitalize the countryside,and consolidating the promotion of common prosperity.This paper takes the impact of agricultural mechanization on the structure of grain cultivation as its theme,and discusses in detail four aspects,including theoretical research,the current situation of the level of agricultural mechanization,the current situation of the structure of grain cultivation,and the empirical analysis of the impact of agricultural mechanization on the structure of grain cultivation.Firstly,the mechanism of the impact of agricultural mechanization on the structure of grain cultivation is explained at the theoretical level by combining agricultural location theory,profit maximization theory,land scale economy theory and induced technological change theory.Secondly,a comprehensive index system of agricultural mechanization is established,and the entropy value method is used to measure the national provincial panel data from 2011 to 2020 and study its spatial and temporal evolution characteristics;in addition,the grain cultivation structure is divided into two levels: the proportion of total grain sown area and the proportion of various types of grain sown area,and its spatial and temporal evolution trends are continued to be analyzed.Finally,the empirical analysis of the impact of agricultural mechanization on the structure of grain cultivation is divided into direct and indirect effects,and the two-way fixed effects model and Tobit model are applied to analyze the effect of the comprehensive level of agricultural mechanization on the structure of local grain cultivation,and endogeneity,robustness and heterogeneity tests are carried out respectively;the spatial Durbin model is applied to explore the spatial spillover effects of different types of agricultural tractors on the structure of grain cultivation.The spatial Durbin model was used to investigate the spatial spillover effects of different types of agricultural tractors on the structure of grain cultivation.The research in this paper shows that:(1)the level of agricultural mechanization has been increasing,and there is an uneven development between regions;(2)Planting structures become "de-grainy",and the link between the development of agricultural mechanization and the structure of grain cultivation is weakening;the role of agricultural mechanization as a substitute factor for labor in grain production is gradually limited;(3)there is a more obvious positive spatial correlation between both the comprehensive level of agricultural machinery and the structure of grain cultivation in China;(4)agricultural Mechanization has a significant positive impact on the area sown for grain,with a positive impact on the proportion of area sown for wheat,rice and maize,and a negative impact on the proportion of area sown for potato crops,while there is no significant impact on bean crops;(5)The spatial spillover effect of different types of farm machinery on the structure of grain cultivation is different,with large and medium-sized farm tractors having a significant positive spatial promotion effect on grain sown area,while small farm tractors have an insignificant spatial spillover effect.Based on the above research findings,this paper puts forward targeted countermeasures and recommendations.On the one hand,to strengthen the level of research and application of agricultural machinery and equipment,and promote the high-quality development of grain production:(1)to make up for the "short board" of the whole process of mechanization of various grain crops,and realize the scale of grain production;(2)to strengthen the infrastructure of rural roads,and realize the coordination of grain production;(3)to accurately promote the purchase subsidies for agricultural machinery,and realize the modernization of grain production.Modernization of grain production.On the other hand,optimize the structure of grain cultivation and grasp grain production and agricultural supply-side reform:(1)optimize the structure of grain cultivation according to local conditions and realize the construction of an appropriate and suitable system of agricultural machinery;(2)comprehensively and fully build high-standard farmland to promote agricultural supply-side reform;(3)reasonably protect farmers’ income from grain cultivation and improve farmers’ willingness to cultivate grain.