Interaction Among Confucianism,Mohism And Taoism With Science And Technology Culture From STS Perspective

"Wisdom" is an important category of thought in traditional Chinese culture.As an ancient Chinese culture focused on the study of wisdom,ancient Chinese thinkers have never ignored the concept of wisdom and its content,and have made their own understanding and interpretation of wisdom from different perspectives.Professor Cutcliffe,former president of the STS Association,said,"To this day,the core principle of the STS enterprise is a social interpretation of the processes of science and technology as a complex social endeavor.The values of culture,politics,and economics in this enterprise make up and drive the social processes of science and technology as an enterprise forward;in turn,the enterprise of science and technology influences these values and shapes its social form."[1]This idea of "wisdom"as a unique intellectual system and thought culture in ancient China is bound to evolve with the development of science in ancient China.In addition,what kind of scientific outlook and scientific development is the kind of intellectualism;and what kind of intellectualism there is also often determines the development mode of science and technology and scientific culture.The intellectual culture of "wisdom" as a non-material part of the social process is also the domain of the theory of knowledge related to the foundations of science.The continuous progress of ancient science has led to the continuous improvement of the ancient "wisdom" system of thought,while the virtuous undertones of the"wisdom" system of thought are also nourishing the development of Chinese scientific culture and science itself.However,there is no lack of limitations and negativities that hindered the development of ancient Chinese science.This paper examines the interaction between the unique Chinese idea of "wisdom" and the ancient Chinese culture of science and technology,including science ethics,scientific spirit,and science and technology values,through the lens of STS.It also draws useful elements from them for the development of contemporary science.Chapter 2 of the text summarizes the interplay of Confucianism’s wisdom of virtue,Mohism’s wisdom of experience and rationality,and Taoism’s wisdom of realization of the "Tao" method,which has shaped a traditional Chinese "wisdom" that is both philosophical and scientific."wisdom" thought.This is a unique system of knowledge that has evolved beyond the Western definition of science in the narrow sense,along with science as defined in the Chinese cultural vision.These "wisdom" ideas take ancient objective scientific knowledge and concepts as their source,but also permeate them with ethical and moral knowledge,so that ancient Chinese "wisdom" thought has both moral sensibility and intellectual rationality.It is not only concerned with truth and wisdom,but also with moral cultivation,and is a philosophy based on the intellectual dimension of ancient Chinese science.Chapters 3 to 4 examine the interaction of traditional Chinese "wisdom"thought with the ethics of science and technology and the methodology of science and technology.The traditional Chinese "wisdom" thought has internalized the relationship between heaven and man,the relationship between Tao and technology,and the spirit of scholarship into the ancient ethics of nature and ecology,the ethics of scientific and technological values,and the ethics of scholarship,which form a unique Chinese ethical system of science and technology.Chapter 5 analyzes and compares the connotation and function of "wisdom" in China and the West,and finds that different systems of wisdom also give rise to different directions of scientific and technological development.The Western purely intellectual development is a system of truth-seeking wisdom,while the Chinese "wisdom" is a system of goodness-seeking wisdom that focuses more on the play of virtuous knowledge in rationality.This difference in intellectual undertones has also become an important direction in answering Joseph Li’s dilemma.In the internal analysis and external comparison of the traditional Chinese"wisdom" thought system,we can draw useful ingredients for the development of contemporary science.