| The booming digital economy has led to the widespread application of new digital technologies such as artificial intelligence and 5G within the entire agricultural industry chain,driving the digital transformation of traditional factors within the production field.The digital transformation of factors has changed the relative prices and productivity among factors,promoted the accelerated flow of variable factors such as capital and labor in different industries,different regions and within the same industry,and the large-scale production of fixed factors such as agricultural land,which has changed the allocation structure of factors and affected the development level of digital agriculture.Against this background,this paper focuses on the relationship between the allocation structure of agricultural factors and the development of digital agriculture,and discusses three core issues: First,what are the spatial distribution patterns and temporal trends of the development level and factor allocation efficiency of digital agriculture in China,and what is the current situation?Are there any regional differences? Second,the factor allocation structure of agriculture is divided into four aspects: agricultural capital replacing labor,digital agricultural capital replacing traditional capital,structural changes in labor force and agricultural land transfer,does it directly or indirectly affect the development level of digital agriculture? Third,does the degree or direction of factor allocation structure affecting the development level of digital agriculture differ according to regional development differences and differences in financial support for agriculture?This paper follows the research framework of "problem identification-data collection-theoretical research-empirical test-policy recommendation",based on endogenous economic growth theory,factor allocation theory and structural transformation theory.Based on theories of endogenous economic growth,theories of factor allocation and structural transformation,the paper defines the connotation of digital agriculture,agricultural production factors and production factor allocation,analyzes the current situation of digital agriculture development and digital factor input,measures the allocation efficiency of land,capital and labor factors by provinces and cities in China based on the stochastic frontier production function model beyond the logarithmic type,and constructs an evaluation system of digital agriculture development indicators based on existing literature and policy documents.The evaluation system of digital agriculture development indexes was constructed,and the development level of digital agriculture in 31 provinces and cities in China was measured,and the regional differences and time change trends of factor allocation efficiency and digital agriculture development were analyzed.The theoretical mechanism of "factor allocation structure-factor allocation efficiency-digital agriculture development" is clarified by dividing factor allocation structure into agricultural capital replacing labor,digital capital replacing traditional capital,labor structure change and agricultural land transfer,and the basic research hypothesis is proposed.This paper constructs a two-way fixed-effects model and a mediating-effects model,and empirically tests the direct and indirect effects of agricultural factor allocation structure on digital agriculture development,taking into account regional heterogeneity and heterogeneity of policy support for agriculture.Based on theoretical and empirical studies,this paper draws the following basic conclusions:(1)China’s digital agriculture and rural construction have achieved obvious results,digital agriculture has a large development potential,and there are obvious regional differences in digital agriculture factor inputs,but the overall is in the stage of continuous growth.(2)The development level of digital agriculture is growing year by year,but there are regional development differences,and the overall spatial distribution pattern shows that the east is strong and the west is weak.There are differences in the allocation of various factors in different regions,with the most efficient allocation of labor in the eastern region,more efficient allocation of capital in the central and western regions,and the most efficient allocation of land factors in the central region.(3)Agricultural capital substitution for labor can directly promote the development of digital agriculture and also boost the development of digital agriculture by enhancing the efficiency of factor allocation,and this promotion effect is most obvious in the central and western regions.Meanwhile,the stronger the policy support for agriculture,the more the substitution of capital for labor can promote the development of digital agriculture.(4)Since capital investment in digital agriculture still occupies a relatively small proportion in agricultural production,and because of the weak agricultural foundation in China and the serious phenomenon of non-agriculturalization of capital,digital capital investment does not effectively improve the efficiency of factor allocation,and even faces"bankruptcy" before it can play the scale effect because of excessive initial capital investment "(5)Highly qualified labor force has a negative impact on the development of digital agriculture.(5)The substitution of high-quality labor for low-quality labor can improve the efficiency of factor allocation and promote the development of digital agriculture.Meanwhile,the effect of such promotion is stronger in the eastern region.(6)Agricultural land transfer can promote the development of digital agriculture by optimizing factor allocation.However,there are regional heterogeneity and policy strength heterogeneity in the promotion effect.The main reason is that when the policy support for agriculture is stronger,farmers are less willing to transfer their land,and it is more difficult for large enterprises to form economies of scale,which is not conducive to the optimization of factor allocation and the development of digital agriculture.Finally,based on the research findings,this paper puts forward relevant policy recommendations.(1)Local governments seriously implement the central government’s strategic planning for digital agriculture and rural areas,appropriate national subsidies,formulate inter-regional help policies,encourage cross-regional mobility of local high-tech enterprises and communication enterprises,and narrow regional digital agriculture development differences.(2)Pay attention to regional differences in the construction of digital agriculture and rural areas,increase digital factor inputs in less developed areas,and improve the level of digital agriculture development.Sound training mechanism for new agricultural talents in order to improve the policy of returning talents to their hometowns for employment and optimize the factor allocation structure of each region.(3)Actively encourage social capital to increase investment in agricultural production,and moderately increase agricultural financial subsidies in central and western regions to induce agricultural capital to replace labor.(4)Support the development of large agricultural business units,and the government should actively promote and guide students with higher education to enter agricultural production.(5)Improve rural information service systems and talent recruitment mechanisms,increase education subsidies for local agricultural colleges and universities,and increase the input of highly qualified labor within the agricultural field through targeted employment.(6)Improve the land exchange market,improve the institutional mechanism for agricultural land transfer,and increase exploration efforts such as the paid withdrawal of the right to use residential bases. |
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