Research On The Effect Of Trade Opening On Poverty Reduction In Southwest Ethnic Areas

The southwest region has the largest number of ethnic minorities in China,and is also one of the regions with the largest number of rural poor people in China.From the practice in recent years,we can see that the southwest ethnic areas are actively involved in the "the Belt and Road" initiative,and the opening up of trade provides a support point for regional economic development and "hematopoietic" poverty alleviation.With the comprehensive elimination of absolute poverty in China,poverty alleviation has entered a stage of reducing relative poverty.In addition to ensuring targeted poverty alleviation results and avoiding large-scale poverty reduction,the challenges to be faced in the future also include accelerating the resolution of relative poverty and promoting common prosperity.Research has shown that trade openness can effectively alleviate regional poverty.Therefore,it is of important practical significance to explore the impact of trade openness on poverty reduction in southwest ethnic areas,as well as to further explore the extent to which minority groups and border groups benefit from trade openness.Based on panel data from 61 states and cities in southwest ethnic regions of China from 2012 to 2020,and from the perspective of inclusive growth research,this paper constructs a systematic GMM model to test the income growth and income distribution effects of trade openness on poverty reduction in southwest ethnic regions,while adding dummy variables from ethnic minorities and border areas to the empirical process,further explore the ethnic heterogeneity and border area heterogeneity of trade openness in poverty reduction in southwest ethnic areas.The research results show that: Firstly,the income growth effect and income distribution effect of trade opening on poverty alleviation in southwest ethnic areas coexist,that is,trade opening not only can improve the income level of poor groups in southwest ethnic areas,achieve "efficiency" in poverty reduction,but also conducive to improving regional income distribution and achieving "fairness" in poverty reduction;Secondly,the effect of import trade on poverty reduction in southwest ethnic areas is greater than that of export trade;Third,the impact of trade liberalization on poverty reduction for ethnic minority poor groups is limited,but groups in border areas can benefit more from trade liberalization.Therefore,in order to further exert the poverty reduction effect of trade opening on southwest ethnic areas,it is necessary to promote the coordinated development of regional trade opening and regional economic restructuring,increase human capital investment and talent reserve,and actively develop border trade and explore characteristic industries.