Research On The Chemical Constituents And Pharmaceutical Activities Of Cyanotis Arachnoidea C.B.Clarke

Cyanotis arachnoidea C.B.Clarke is a Chinese herbal medicine, which belongs to Commelinaceae family. It possesses the function of " recovering weakness, getting rid of humidity, stimulating the circulation of the blood, relaxing the muscles and joints".From the plant of C. arachnoidea C.B.Clarke, 38 chemical constituents were isolated by various chromatographic and recrystallized methods. On the basis of analysis of UV, IR, NMR, MS data, measurement of physico-chemical characters and chemical method, the structures of 31 compounds were identified as 26 phytoecdysteroids, 4 phytosterols and 1 monoterpenoid. Among them, nine novel compounds are cyanosterone A (1), cyanosterone D (4), 2, 25 - dideoxypolypodine B (5), ajugasterone C 2, 3 - acetonide (6), 11a - hydroxyrubrosterone (11), ajugasterone C 2 - acetate (14), ajugasterone C 3 -acetate (15), 22 - oxo - ajugasterone C (18), 5a - cholesta - 7 - en - 22(?), - ol - 3β -palmitate(30); Two new natural compounds are 3β,14a, 20R, 22R, 25 - pentahydroxy -5a - cholest - - en - 6 - one (2), 5a - cholesta - 7 - en - 3β, 22(?) - diol (29).The known compounds are rhapontisterone B (3), 20 - hydroxyecdysone 2, 3, 20, 22 -diacetonide (7), 20 - hydroxyecdysone 2, 3 - acetonide (8), 20 - hydroxyecdysone 20, 22- acetonide (9), ajugasterone C 20, 22 - acetonide (10), dihydrorubrosterone (12), rubrosterone (13), 20 - hydroxyecdysone 2 - acetate (16), 20 - hydroxyecdysone 3 -acetate (17), 22 - oxo - 20 - hydroxyecdysone (19), stachysterone D (20), poststerone (21), isovitexirone (22), 20 - hydroxyecdysone (23), podecdysone C (24), turkesterone (25), ajugasterone C (26), β- sitosterol (27), daucosterol (28), 2 - endo - hydroxy -1,8-cineole (31). Among them, compounds 3, 7, 8, 9,10,12,17,19, 20, 21,22,24, 25,27, 28,31 were isolated from this genus for the first time, compounds 3, 7, 8, 9,10,12,13, 17,19,20,21,22,24,25,27,28,31 were first isolated from this plant.A review on the isolation, analysis of the phytoecdysteroids were given on the basis of references and our own study work. In addition, the possible biosynthesis pathway of phytoecdysteroids in this plant was discussed.The pharmacological experiments showed that 20 - hydroxyecdysone 2 - acetate (16), 20 - hydroxyecdysone (23) and ajugasterone C (26) significantly improved the production of erythrocyte and hemoglobin on mice. In addition, the total phytoecdysteroids in Cyanotis arachnoidea C.B.Clarke have the significantly protective effects on the acquisition impairment of memory induced by D-galactose and have the action of inhibiting the increase of lipoperoxide and lipofuscin.