Research On Social Security Of Chinese Landless Farmers

Landless farmer is an inevitable social group in the process of industrialization and urbanization. The social security of them is related to the economic development and urban development, and having a good effect on the rural stability and social progress. Throughout the world, the living standard of landless farmers has been greatly improved in the industrialization and urbanization development in developed countries, and these countries still improve their social security system to effectively increase the welfare of their members. Domestically, the industrialization and urbanization in China has been developed rapidly since reform and opening up, and the level of economic development has been greatly improved, the Land area expropriated increasing heavily. However, the state has focused most of the interests from the process of land expropriation, the compensation for landless farmers too little relatively. With the gradual invitation in the construction of the social security system, the vast majority of landless farmers are faced with the difficulties of survival, and in a weak position in society. Obviously, the industrialization and urbanization development bring the country rich economic benefits, while the residents of our country, in particular, the living situation of majority of landless peasants have not been greatly improved, or even worse. More importantly, the Chinese government put forward the guiding ideology of scientific development outlook and harmonious social development goals, requiring of the central and local governments should take people-oriented goal as the goal and destination points of all the work, to make people enjoy the fruits of economic and social development, which determines the social security to become a solemn commitment made by the government to the members of society. In reality, however, the tilt of the national policy, transition of system and mechanisms, or other reasons make the basic livelihood of landless peasants has not been fundamentally resolved. So, the problem of landless farmers become more and more serious in recent years, even appeared in the groups events launched by the landless farmers in many places, causing a very bad influence on the local and national economy and society. Therefore, the state and society begin to pay more attention to the social security of landless farmers, and reach agreement that the most efficient way to solve the problem is provide moderate social security. In a word, solving the problem of social security for the landless peasants is not only the need of international competition, but also the inevitable trend of the economic and social development in China.This paper will accord to the social security theory, combine with the A.Lewis theory of urban and rural economic structure, public products theory and institutional change theory, based on studying the status of social security of landless peasants, analyzing the existing problems of the social security of landless peasants. According to the data obtained from practice research, this paper do an empirical analysis of the social security of landless peasants, to get to the bottom of the landless peasants social security problem and find out the cause of these problems. Long-term negative effects of urban-rural dual structure on the rural areas and farmers, the Chinese farmers depend excessively on the land; the irregular and unreasonable land expropriation compensation system in the process of industrialization and urbanization resulting in lower compensation to landless farmers; the national social security policy and systems neglect the landless peasant groups, resulting in delayed construction of the social security system of landless peasants. The lack of financial investment in social security of landless peasants makes insufficient supply. Taking the total amount of GDP and other economic standards as the assessment mechanism to local government official neglects the social security of landless farmers. Finally, this paper will empirically point out the serious degree of social security problem of the land lost farmers in China, and put forward the possible solutions and the prospect.This paper is divided into seven parts. The first part is the introduction, including the research background and significance, literature review, research methodology and framework, the innovation and the deficiency; the second part is the theoretical foundation of the thesis, including the theory of social security, A.Lewis theory of urban and rural economic structure, public goods theory, institutional change theory; the third part is the basic situation of landless farmers in China, including the concept, size of landless farmers, and the distribution of landless peasants, the special identity of landless peasants, living situation; the fourth part is the analysis of status and existing problems of social security of the landless peasants; the fifth part is the empirical analysis; the sixth part is the analysis of reasons for the problems of social security of landless peasants; the seventh part is the countermeasures and suggestions to solve the problem of social security of landless peasants.The possible innovation of this paper mainly includes the following aspects:the first one is quantitatively define landless peasants. In this paper, the landless peasants are defined as the farmers who had less than 0.3 acres of arable land after levying according to law, not based on their registered residence. At the same time, this paper abandons the previous classification method from the registered residence, classify the landless farmers to two situation:living in the villages and living in the towns. The second one is the reason for the problem of social security for landless peasants. This paper points out that the dual structure in urban and rural areas lead to the slow development of the rural economy and public service inequality, the landless peasants excessively depending on land and no corresponding social security; land expropriation compensation system is not standardized and unreasonable in the process of industrialization and urbanization, making the way of compensation for the landless farmers not scientific, compensation standards unreasonable, resulting in their problems of social security. Taking the total amount of GDP and other economic standards as the assessment mechanism to local government official neglects the social security of landless farmers.The third one is the empirical analysis. Combined with the survey data, this paper estimate and judge the existing treatment of social security for landless peasants in China. The final one is putting forward the practical countermeasures and suggestions to solve the problem of social security for landless peasants. According to the permanent land of landless peasants, this paper divides into two situations of rural and town, and putting forward the feasible countermeasure and suggestion to solve the problem of social security for landless peasants. Nevertheless, due to the difficulty of data collection and limitations of the ability of the academic level, this thesis still needs to be further improved.