Studies On The Basic Direction Words Backed From Wei-jin Period To Tangwudai Dynasty

Among direction words in Chinese, the research on direction words in ancient Chinese is relatively backward. Especially, the research on the diachronic change of direction words has not been done deeply. The lacking in diachronic research prevents further study and adversely influences the research on the synchronic system in modern Chinese.In terms of language, the semantic is the basic and the foundation of the function and also the foundation of the language form.Especially for the Chinese with heavy parataxis nature, the semantic is the internal factors in various language phenomenon. The relative nature of the semantic is leads to its dependence on other component or language background. The real explanation of the semantic exists in the structural relations, which is the most essential elements in the diachronic evolution of direction words. Meanwhile, the semantic relations are the reflection of common sense regarding language in the society. The differences of common sense and understanding have caused the gradual evolution of the semantic in a certain type of language. It means that in order to understand and analyze the evolution of direction words in diachronic system, the semantic relations are the most valuable clue.From Wei-jin Period to Tangwudai dynasty, it is important times for the direction words in Chinese when wording and language forms changed quickly. By analyzing a few basic direction words (including the disyllabic words)in the works from Wei-jin Period to Tangwudai dynasty, we can easily find that basic direction words have been developed fully, especially for the frequently used words such as shang&xia&zhong. The almost symmetric words with similar basic semantic is probably not symmetric in the function, except for the absolute orientation direction words such as dong&nan&xi&bei, other basic direction words are interactive and reflect the recognition.Every basic direction word is still minor different from Wei-jin Period to Tangwudai dynasty. On the whole, basic direction words, which the original space referential meaning are leading to abstract and weakening Meaning and changing from space meaning to more other meanings.Accordingly, the meaning is more dependent on other elements and with further post attachment features. The evolution of the semantic in direction words have caused gradual decrease on the self-adequacy, and thus inserted some new elements, leading to the production of the compound direction words especially such directions followed by bian, mian and tou. The adequacy of the compound direction words has spared more freedom in place of previous semantic and function in the Single Morpheme direction Words. Apparently, the evolution have generated the situation of the separation of monosyllabic form and disyllabic form, and thus generated the form system of direction words. The totally different paralleling dual system is the basis of the later evolution. The monosyllabic and disyllabic direction words has gradually come into the weakened meaning or morpheme,while disyllabic direction words has more substantive nature,with more freedom in the sentences.Basic direction surrounding the semantic is the dynamic reflection of the features and changes in the synchronic and diachronic situation, and the reflection of the developing laws. At the same time, the studies on every direction word systematically are done while linking single direction word to the whole direction words. Particularly, the internal links between the studies on the semantic and the systematic separation of direction words is found and deeply explain how the separation of later form system of direction words has developed.