Research On The Short Lyric Poem Of The Song Dynasty

The short lyric poems of the Song Dynasty account for half of the whole lyric poems of the Song Dynasty, which differ from long lyric poems of special value in the topic contents, art skill, style and inspire the reader's potential feelings etc.. The paper is to research on the short lyric poems of the Song Dynasty and has four parts totally:The First Chapter: Introduction. Section 1: Define the concept of short lyric poem and describe its history of developing and changing. The Ling(令) in the name of the short lyric poem comes from the drinkers ' wager game of Tang Dynasty; And the Ling(令), Yin (引) ,Jin (近) ,Man (慢) in the Song Dynasty are all music technical terms related with music scores. Until the Ming Dynasty, the conceptions of short lyric poem, middle lyric poem, long lyric poem came into being. Mao Xianshu put forward with 58 words to divide the short lyric poem with the long lyric poem, which is agreed with by most people. As a result this division is used up to now. When the lyric poem still combining with music, the concept of the short lyric poem usually has both meanings of literature and music. However with the separation of music and poem, the mum of the Ling poem gradually becomes the phrase of short lyric poem.Section 2: First the paper computes the amounts of the short lyric poems of the Song Dynasty and points out that they don't decrease with the increase of the long lyric poems. Whereas the past relevant researches discussed the name, the concept, the art form and style of the short lyric poem etc., there are still many problems not to be deeply studied.Section 3: Introduce the research methods. The paper will compare the short lyric poems in the Tang Dynasty, Five Dynasty with the short lyric poems in the Song Dynasty, and investigate the meanings of the lyric poems combining with the economic, political and cultural backgrounds.The Second Chapter: "Beauty, Love" and "Daily Leisure"—The Main Subjects of The Short Lyric Poems of The Song Dynasty. Section 1: "Beauty and love" are one of the subjects of the short lyric poem of the Song Dynasty. It includes three kinds of types: the writer expressing oneself amatory feelings, the females' grief in their boudoirs, and the depiction of the females by the male writer. In the Tang and the Five Dynasties, the "boudoir resentment " subject was absolutely in popularity, second the "depicting females " subject, and third the writer expressing himself amatory feelings subject In the Song Dynasty, the writer expressing himself amatory feelings subject became popular and exceeded the two others. However with the ceaseless abundance of the subjects of the lyric poems, the proportion of this three types of subjects displayed the trend coming down.Besides, compared with the lyric poems in the Tang the Five Dynasties, the "depict female" subject of the short lyric poem in the Song Dynasty also expanded from only depicting female appearance and finery to depicting the talent, individuality, mentality, and even life experience etc..Section 2: The subject depicting daily leisure feeling appears in large amount, which becomes the another inclination in subjects of the short lyric poems in the Song Dynasty. This subject includes: First, the leisure feelings in daily life which contrasting with dirty officialdom is full of interest in harmony living; Second, the worry in daily leisure when the writer idling away his time; Third, the philosophical feelings in daily life, for example that the writer suddenly realized inspirations from common things; Fourthly, the visions and feelings in country daily life, in which the admiration for the peasant's free life and the sympathy for their hard life are new contents.Section 3: Other subjects, such as the pain feelings of the writer's life experience, and the distress about the hometown and country to be destroyed etc., also have certain representative in the short lyric poems in the Song Dynasty.The Third Chapter: The Performance Art of The Short Lyric Poem of the Song Dynasty. Section 1: The writers usually abridge a part of emotional expressions, factual descriptions or hints to make the implicative impression, used two skills that leaving blank and interval link are. "Leaving blank" means certainly abridging some emotional and factual depictions. There are four types: A, the writers express emotion obscurely and use some words with uncertain meanings, consequently the readers can have many kinds of apprehensions. B, the writers use the scenic depictions to break in the emotional expressions. C, although the writers narrate the subject objectively, the lyric poems are filled with implications. D, the writers describe the matters curtly, hoping to express the most abundant meanings with the most concise language. "Interval link" means abridging the some hints in the course of express the writers' emotions. The common two types in the short lyric poem are the interval link of visual angles and the interval link of space-time visions, the former is formed by abridgement of the subject and predicate, the latter is formed by necessary intergradations.Section 2: To use unusual and significant words usually to make the pivotal effect. The unusual words can make the theme more novel and special, which put up three kinds of features: the first is unusual imagination; the second is anti-using the phrases to give the usual words new meanings; the third is conceiving the structure skillfully of the lyric poems. The significant words have two kinds of features, one is ablaze tone, the other is expressing the writers' emotions profoundly effectively. In addition, the writers usually take the skill of leaving blank to make the center idea more implicitly in the short lyric poems, different from the long lyric poems.Section 3: In the middle and late period of the Song Dynasty, the long lyric poem gradually study the skills of the Fu style. The short lyric poem also tried some new art skills, for example the carefull delineation, wrongly space-time describing and diverse expression of emotions etc.. The skill of carefull delineation is used to strengthening the meanings of lyric poems. The wrongly space-time framework and the diverse expression of emotions can make the narrative clue more unusual.Section 4: The short lyric poem is good at changing its framework. There are three kinds of forms. First, the meanings of the two sections in the short lyric poem interchange, including the contrast of different space-time, the contrast of different behaviors of the same person, and the contrast of the different behaviors of the different persons, which makes the center meaning of the short lyric poem outstanding. Second, the framework of the two sections is similar, including the alike arrangement of narration, scene and emotional expression, the alike track of emotional changes, which contributes to making the short lyric poem not too in order. Third, the last sentence of the short lyric poem is protruded, including the contrary meanings between the end sentence and the preceding paragraphs, the last sentence further making the meaning of preceding paragraphs clear, and the last sentence sum up the preceding paragraphs.The Forth Chapter: The Style and Life Esthetics of The Short Lyric Poem of The Song Dynasty. Section 1: The short lyric poem of the Song Dynasty specially presents agile and unconventional style characteristic. Particularly compared with the long lyric poem, the short lyric poem is especially interested in describing the daily leisure, therewith presents a kind of easily style more obviously. Writers, like Su Shi, Xin Qiji, Zhou Bangyan etc,, often take different attitudes to indite short lyric poems and long lyric poems. The scholar-bureaucrats in the Song Dynasty put their broad-minded spirits into the productions of the short lyric poem, which makes the easily style set up.The most important style of the short lyric poem is graceful and restrained, which embodies clear, sparse, sadly, and facile etc. characteristicses.The "wateriness" is the highest philosophical bourn to be seek for the scholar-bureaucrats in the Song Dynasty. When the "wateriness" put into the short lyric poem, there will be many quietly elegant beauty which is named mild artistic conception. In the contents of the short lyric poems, the writers usually choose some bitty and trivial things to describe. Although these things are very much ordinary, they are all refined from the living and representative. In the emotional expressions of the short lyric poems, the writers often turn their hot feelings into calm and cold attitudes to make the style of wateriness.Section 2: For the reserved and obscure emotional expression, the readers can easily produce many imaginations through reading the short lyric poems of the Song Dynasty, and perceive the writers' life consciousness and personal spirit by the political, cultural backgrounds of the ages and the writer's experience. The readers' imaginations can be the writer's original intention, or just a kind of freely thoughts. Including four aspects in these imaginations: A, Some thoughts about the life, for example the writers sigh with the uncertainty of life and get rid of sorrows by carnalism; B, Some plaints about the life value, for example the sorrows of frustration and the attitudes of complying to the nature; C, Some dialectic thoughts about the life, for example bitterness and sweet, security and danger, are all opposite ideas. D, The personal spirit and character of the writer, for example the writer looks forward for the high-minded spirit with inflexible or restrained manners.Conclusion: The short lyric poem of the Song Dynasty not only remains the traditional characteristics of the Tang Dynasty and Five Dynasty in contents, emotional expressing way etc., but also actively study others styles, for example poem and the long lyric poem, to expand the expressing space continuously. Finally there are various abundant feelings and imaginations about life and personality in one kind of short small form, which is the charm of the short lyric poem of the Song Dynasty.