"jingdianshiwen" Luks Phonology Voice Class Initials Study

Jingdian shiwen(经典释文),written by Lu Deming(陆德明),is a famous book which collects more than 230 Han-Wei & Six Dynasties explainers' phonetic & semantics data of earlier-Qin Dynasty's Confucian & Taoists classics.This book has important action on the studies of Chinese phonetic history.Studying the Lu Deming's standard phonetic dada,we can research the phonetic system of period from the later 6th century to early 7th century,and we can also research the phonetic system of Han-Wei Dynasty from the other data.From here we also can find out the development clue of Chinese phonetic from Ancient Chinese to Mid-ancient Chinese.There are two linguists,Professor Wang Li and Professor Shao Rongfen,who studied the phonetic system of Jingdian shiwen.But there are many differences between their methods and conclusions.The author of this thesis also studied Lu's phonetic data in Jingdian shiwen,using methods,such as connection with Fanqie,Fanqie contrast,etc.,hoping to draw a conclusion of Lu's phonetic system.The first step is to sort out Lu's initials system.The second step is to sort out Lu's finals system.The third step is to sort out Lu's tone system.At last sort out the combining form of Lu's initials & finals.This thesis is the first part of the whole work.It can be found that there are 40 initial classes in Lu's system.They are,Bi(必),Pu(普),Bu(步),Mo(莫,include Wang亡);Fang(方),Fang(芳),Fu(扶);Ding(丁),Ta(他), Tu(徒),Nai(乃);Zhang(张),Chi(勑),Zhi(直),Nv(女);Zi(子),Qi(七),Cai(才),Xi(息),Si(似); Ce(侧),Chu(初),Shi(仕),Suo(所);Zhi(之),Chang(昌),Shi(食),Shi(式),Shi(市);Gu(石),Ku(苦), Qi(其),Wu(五);Yu(於),Xu(許),Hu(户),Yu(于),Yi(以);Li(力);Ru(如).There are some conclusions on the studies of Ancient Chinese phonetics,such as,there were no Labiodentals Initials and dorsal-repalatal initials in Ancient Chinese phonetics,the two initials Niang & Ri belong to the initial Ni,etc.According to the connected results,the author also make some statistic analysis on Lu's phonetic notations.It can be concluded that there are only a few Leige pattern of Fanqie(类隔切) and that many Lu's First-pronunciations are different to the Other-pronunciations in the initials in Jingdian shiwen.Furthermore,the author analysis Lu's initials attentively,referring to the conclusions of Qieyun(切韵) & Yupian(玉篇).Thus the following results are drewn.1.The Leige pattern of Fanqie occupying only 4.17%of Lu's Fanqie,with a proportion of only 1.58%in the Numbers of Fanqie(切次).And many materials proved that the three Labiodentals Initials,Fei,Fu,and Feng have been separated from Bang,Pang,and Bing.But in initials Ming & Wei,the Yinhe pattern(音和切) and Leige pattern of Fanqie are well-matched,respectively occupying 54.73%and 45.27%.This proves that Ming and Wei have not been separated.2.The Yinhe pattern of Fanqie in group Duan & Zhi are occupying more than 94.51%and the Leige pattern only 5.49%.And moreover,the Other-pronunciations attached to Lu's First-pronunciations also proves that Duan and Zhi have been separated.The proportion of Yinhe and Leige pattern in group Ni & Niang is 94.33%and 5.67% respectively.This proves that Ni & Niang have been separated.3.Initials Chong & Si are the same.Initials Cong & Xie have not been separated but the trend of separation is very distinct.Although there are a few Leige pattern of Fanqie in initials Chuan & Shan,based on the preface of Jingdian shiwen we can perceive definitely that these two initials are different.4.there are only 0.73%Leige pattern of Fanqie in initials Xia & Yun.Besides,the cases of combining with initials Yi & Yun are arising.So we maintain that initials Xia & Yun are different.At last the author sort out the initials system of Lu in Jingdian shiwen.The 39 initials and their pronunciations are as follows.Bang(帮)[p],Pang(滂)[p'],Bing(並)[b],Ming(明,Wei,微)[m];Fei(非)[pf],Fu(敷)[pf'], Feng(奉)[bv];Duan(端)[t],Tou(透)[t'],Ding(定)[d],Ni(泥)[n];Zhi(知)[(?)],Che(彻)[(?)'], Cheng(澄)[(?)],Niang(娘)[(?)];Jing(精)[ts],Qing(清)[ts'],Cong(从,Xie,邪)[dz],Xin((?))[s]; Zhuang(庄)[t(?)],Chu(初)[t(?)'],Chong(崇,Si,俟)[ds],Sheng(生)[(?)'];Zhang(章)[t(?)],Chang(昌)[t(?)'], Chuan(船)[d(?)],Shu(书)[(?)],Shan(禅)[(?)];Jian(见)[k],Xi(溪)[k'],Qun(群)[g],Yi(疑)[(?)]; Ying(影)[o],Xiao(晓)[x],Xia(匣)[γ],Yun(云喻三)[γj],Yi(以喻四)[j];Lai(来)[l];Ri(日)[(?)].Furthermore,the author thinks the LeiGe pattern of FanQie in Lu's phonetic system,according to the Phonetic Law and the Lexical Diffusion Theory,as variant pronunciation.