| There are two important ways of language evolution, one is lexicalization, and another is the grammaticalization.As two important aspects of language evolution,lexicalization and grammaticalization study has become a hot topic of linguistics both in China and abroad in recent years. In lexicalization and grammaticalization study, grammaticalization study abroad is more deep and more mature,on the while,the widespread attention of lexicalization is not enough,appearing unbalanced tendency.Domestic study of grammaticalization began in the early1990s, and the research of grammaticalization problem have been more thorough in recent years.The basic study of lexicalization started at the beginning of this century,is far failed to in-depth study.The lexicalization of present domestic research,the phrase lexicalization problem has received much attention and research results are also abundantjbut the lexicalization research of syntactic structure and cross-layered structure is relatively weak.In recent years, the academic circles have put more attention about diachronic study of Chinese prepositions,but to explore origination of Chinese disyllable prepositions is relatively small.As for lexicalization and grammaticalization study of modern Chinese disyllable prepositions are much rarer. It is generally believed that Chinese prepositions are derived from or mainly from Chinese verbs.But these arguments are in terms of Chinese monosyllabic prepositions. Chinese language facts show that the source of the Chinese disyllable prepositions is not so obviously.The origination of the Chinese disyllable prepositions is complex and diverse:some are derived from verbs grammaticalization,and some are derived from phrase lexicalization and grammaticalization,and another are originated from the lexicalization of syntactic structure and cross-layered structure.These factors involve both lexicalization solidification effect and the promoting function of grammaticalization. In lexicalization and grammaticalization theory framework,this paper takes modern Chinese disyllable prepositions as the research object from the reality of Chinese and develops systemic research of disyllable prepositions of modern Chinese by the method of cognitive linguistics, prosodic syntax, modern pragmatics, functional linguistics, and language typology theory, rooted Chinese language facts,combines the ways of synchronic linguistics and diachronic linguistics,the ways of description and interpretation.This article will summarize a variety of different ways of lexicalization and grammaticalization about modern Chinese disyllable prepositions,and reveal the motivation and mechanism through depicting process lexicalization and grammaticalization of modern Chinese disyllable prepositions.This paper can not only enrich and promote the theory of lexicalization grammaticalization, but also can provide reference value such as dictionary compilation, teaching chinese vocabulary and grammar as a foreign language, Chinese information processing, and many other practical applications value.Through Systematic investigation of lexicalization and grammaticalization of modern Chinese disyllable prepositions, this paper will achieve the following three goals.First of all,this investigation can balance Chinese double syllable function words research.Secondly,this investigation can balance and enrich the lexicalization research of syntactic structure and cross-layered structure. Finally, this investigation can complement the established view that the Chinese preposition is derived from or mainly derived from the verb. Based on investigation of lexicalization and grammaticalization of modern Chinese disyllable prepositions, the point of view that the Chinese preposition is derived from or mainly derived from the verb is imprecise.The full paper is divided into seven chapters.Chapter one is the introduction.Chapter two is the synchronic analysis of lexicalization and grammaticalization of modern Chinese disyllable prepositions.Chapter three-chapter six are specific study on lexicalization and grammaticalization of modern Chinese disyllable prepositions.Chapter seven summarizes the motivations and the mechanisms.Chapter one mainly introduces topic selection source,research purpose and research significance,then clarifies the definition of lexicalization and grammaticalization,reviews the overseas and domestic research history,research status and research trends of lexicalization and grammaticalization.And the same time,this chapter summarizes the synchronic and diachronic research survey of Chinese single and double syllable prepositions,points out data sources and specific research methods.Chapter two is the synchronic analysis on the modern Chinese disyllable prepositions.First of all, this chapter will classifies the modern Chinese prepositions from meaning,syllable number and language typology; Secondly,this chapter distinguishes the following concepts such as the phrases,the syntactic structure,the non-syntactic structure, the cross-layered structure,the double syllable structure, the cross-structural combination,the sequences of words,and the non-structure.Finally, this chapter arries on the morphology analysis on modern Chinese disyllable prepositions from the word building and the word formation.The synchronic analysis of this chapter wil make preparations for research on lexicalization and grammaticalization of modern Chinese disyllable prepositions.Chapter three investigates modern Chinese disyllable prepositions grammaticalized from verbs,through the formation of the preposition "tongguo (通过)". The formation process of the preposition"tongguo(通过)"is as follows:in the history of Chinese, running verb"tong(通)" and "guo (过)"composite compound word directly through the lexical approach,then grammaticalize into the preposition "tongguo (通过)" through grammaticalization.The grammaticalization motivations of "tongguo(通过)" are as follows:the cognitive metaphorical projection from space path to the abstract way, syntactic environment change, bleaching of running verb.Chapter four focuses on modern Chinese disyllable prepositions lexicalized from phrase,through the formation of the preposition "yiju(依据)".The formation process of preposition "yiju(依据)”is different from preposition"tongguo(通过)",it has experienced double process fo the phrase lexicalization and the verbs grammaticalization then gradually produces.This chapter emphatically discusses the syntactic environment factors of "yiju(依据)’from the verb to the preposition,moreover, puts forward the concept of "many actions share a same agent ",it is the typical syntactic environment that verb "yiju(依据)”(?)bleachs.Chapter five investigates modern Chinese disyllable prepositions lexicalized from the syntax structure.The syntactic structure of this paper refers to the combination formed by notional words and function words. Some modern Chinese disyllable prepositions derived from the syntactic structure mainly includes the "X了" and "X着". This chapter describes precisely the formation and evolution of "weile(为了)","chule(除了)","zhaozhe(照着)’’and "yanzhe(沿着)”,and believes that this four prepositions originates respectively from the lexicalization of four verbs "wei(为)","chu(除)","zhao(照)","yan(沿)"and the grammatical particles"le(了)","着(zhe)".This chapter also discusses the syntactic environment factors of "weile(为了)"，chule(除了)”,puts forward two concepts of "many actions share a same subject "and"many actions structure ".The prepositions "weile(为了)" and"chule(除了)”just come respectively from the first verbs of these two kinds of structures.Chapter six investigates modern Chinese disyllable prepositions lexicalized from the cross-layered structure.Detailed studies of this chapter are lexicalization processes of’guanyu(关于)”,"duiyu (对于)","zhiyu(至于)”,"jiyu(基于)”.The initial forms of the above-mentioned four prepositions are "verb+preposition" cross-layered structure, then gradually evolve into prepositions. Among them,"guanyu(关于)”,"duiyu(对于)”,"jiyu(基于)”lexicalize directly from the cross-layered structure, meanwhile,the preposition "zhiyu(至于)"is different from above-mentioned three prepositions, In the history of Chinese there are three forms of’zhiyu(至于)”：respectively including cross-layered structure, the verb, the preposition,in addition there are intrinsic derivative relations between them,the verb"zhiyu(至于)’’lexicalizes from the same form of the cross-layered structure, the preposition"zhiyu(至于)"grammaticalizes from the same form of the verb.Chapter seven is the summary.In view of the case studies on lexicalization,grammaticalization,mechanism and motivation of modern Chinese disyllable prepositions,it summarizes the evolution mechanism and motivation of modern Chinese disyllable prepositions. |
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