Research On The Naturalizing Process Of Mind-body Problem

As a classic issue throughout the history of philosophy,"mind-body problem" has been considered for nearly two thousand years.The current status of this issue is: 1.The universal success of natural science has made it the default tool for people to explain the empirical world,which is reflected in the general willingness of people to intuitively and generally believe that "inner feelings" such as our thinking and consciousness occur in the brain,but in the philosophical world,it is reflected in the increasingly professional and scientific research on mind-body problem.Philosophers regard mind-body problem as a problem greatly related to philosophy of science,cognitive science,artificial intelligence and neurophysiology,and no longer or rarely resort to traditional philosophical tools to study this problem;2.Under the strong influence of natural science,most people would choose some form of naturalistic stance in the face of psychosomatic problems,which may be extreme or moderate.But they all agree on the basic things that make up our minds and bodies;3.Even though it seems to stand on the position of naturalism,there is a general recognition that natural science has been used to solve psychosomatic problems.However,an uncontroversial satisfactory answer seems to be still out of reach for us.The human consciousness,as a difficult problem,is still deeply troubling us.We can easily understand the naturalization status quo of the current mind-body problem and accept that it has changed greatly from the past.We can say that the mind-body problem is undergoing a naturalization process in terms of form and content.However,such a general statement cannot tell us all about this process.More details should include when the naturalization process of psychosomatic problems started and what stage of change it went through.How do people read minds if not in a natural way? What is the relationship between naturalization and naturalism,natural philosophy and natural science? What does the naturalized mind-body relationship bring us?The author believes that these questions can help us to think more clearly about psychosomatic problems,because the solution of a problem not only needs to consider whether the answer is reasonable,proper,sufficient and informative,but also needs to consider whether the problem itself is logically consistent,whether there is sufficient space to answer,and whether there is significance to answer.Our acceptance and expectation of naturalized mind-body view is due to the possibility that it provides us with a reliable answer,but it seems to lack reflection on the problem itself.As a philosophical issue,I think the most reasonable way to analyze and investigate it is to integrate it into the history of philosophy,to examine the meaning of this issue in the era of philosophy,to analyze its philosophical background,to discuss its philosophical significance and the philosophical difficulties it faces.The reason for this is very simple,because "philosophy is the history of philosophy".Here we have mentioned twice the history of psychosomatic problems,which are derived from two aspects of psychosomatic problems: In terms of form,we need to consider the details of the naturalization process of mind-body problem,while in terms of content,we need to analyze this process from the perspective of philosophical history,so as to make the mind-body problem,mind-body view and the logic between them clearer.Out of this consideration,I integrate these two aspects into the detailed study of the naturalization process of psychosomatic problems.The selection of the naturalization process of mind and body as the main logical spreading undoubtedly has its advantages: The process of naturalization actually takes place and the clues are detailed.It can even be said that naturalization is the only historical tendency of psychosomatic problems,in which there are clear stage changes,and such stage changes are logically consistent with the history of philosophy.With these questions,I will sort out the evolution of mind-body problem by retrospectively thinking about the history of thoughts.In this process,based on the generalization of the terminology change,research paradigm,core appeal,and ideological background,the author believes that the naturalization process of mind-body relationship can be interpreted in four stages.The mind-body relationship takes on a unique form in each stage,namely: 1.The ancient stage of psychosomatic problems,In this stage,philosophers generally regarded mind-body relationship as the relationship between soul and body,and explained it in the framework of naive natural ontology;2.The modern stage of psychosomatic problems——Since the beginning of Descartes,the mind-body problem has opened his spiritual and material forms,and this transformation is also the beginning of the modern chapter in the history of philosophy.Therefore,this classical dualism profoundly influenced later philosophy and reached its peak with Hegel's demonstration of the absolute spirit;3.The modern stage of psychosomatic problems——The transformation of mind and body into the opposite form of psychology and physics,the core of which lies in the continuous research and exploration of the theory of meaning by philosophers represented by the artificial language school and the daily language school.These studies,on the one hand,inherit the pursuit of the field of mysterious phenomena in the content of European philosophy,on the other hand,it inherits the linguistic analysis and positivism base of Anglo-American philosophy.Philosophers show great inclination to natural science and pragmatism in their stand and attitude,and use analogy,metaphor and other ways to learn from the content of natural science to study mind-body problems;4.Contemporary stage of psychosomatic problems——contemporary philosophers have discussed mind-body relationships within the framework of the mind and brain,and have combined them to a great extent with those in the fields of psychology,cognitive science,neurobiology,and artificial intelligence.From the perspectives of intention,cognition,perception and sensory quality,this paper attempts to regulate the position of mind in a physical world.Through these stages of analysis,I will try to express the fact in the conclusion that the study of mind and body since history has considered the philosophical framework of the era in which it is located,and thus bears the burden of a philosophical holism.Only by facing the problem of mind and body,focusing on this topic and the field research directly related to it,looking for certainty in the exploration of continuous subdivision,can we "discover" the relationship between the mind and body with a scientific attitude instead of "shaping" one theory of mind and body.Based on these ideas,this paper will be divided into four chapters.In the introduction section,I'll start with a few key concepts related to this article: The mind-body problem,natural science,and methodological and ontological naturalism are clarified to determine the object and scope of our study.The first chapter discusses the mind-body relationship of the ancient Greek concept of soul as the subject.These discussions will take place in the framework of the early classical and late development of ancient Greek philosophy.The soul view of early Greek philosophy was associated with the simple and natural ontological system;In the classical period,the soul achieved the transformation from being subordinate to nature to being human.The soul is not simply the mysterious workings of the universe,but is the common form of all living things.Later Greek philosophy advanced the interpretation of the psychological functions of the soul on the basis of Aristotle.The second chapter takes cartesian dualism and its initial mental and materialistic view of mind and body as the core.In the first part,I will state the scientific and philosophical background of the end of scholasticism and the Renaissance before the emergence of cartesian philosophy;The second part focuses on the emergence and core content of cartesian dualism;The third part,based on the improvement and criticism of dualism by contemporary philosophers of Descartes,introduces four kinds of deformation of mind and body view on the basis of dualism.The third chapter starts with the triple background introduction of modern psychosomatic view: With the progress of positive science,the establishment of modern psychology and the end of modern philosophy,the concept of dual mind and body of modern entity gradually disintegrated——The secondary phenomenology,Mach's monism,Russell's monism and behaviorism represent the gradual transformation from psycho-physical problems to psychological and physical paradigms.Chapter four discusses the mind-body relationship from the perspective of contemporary philosophy.The first is the cognitive science and neuroscience background in which mind-body relationship turns into mind-brain relationship,under which two versions of physicalist mind-body view are produced respectively——After introducing the core content and criticism of the theory of mind-body identity and functionalism,I will clarify the problem of the receptive temperament and its challenge to the relationship between mind and brain.