A Study Of The Japanese Society In Changchun During The Puppet Manchukuo Period

Since ancient times,Japan has absorbed a lot of cultural nutrition from China,and has become an important resource to enrich its country.In modern times,under the background of western learning spreading to the east,Japan implemented the Meiji Restoration and rapidly promoted modernization.However,Sino-Japanese relations have undergone a major role change.From the beginning of the Meiji period,Japan actively promoted the "continental policy" as a national policy and gradually moved towards the path of external expansion.On September 18,1931,the Japanese Kwantung Army violently launched the "September 18 Incident",which changed the "continental policy " from national policy to actual action.Northeast China,whose vast land and rich resources have aroused the entrenchment of the Japanese,become an important fulcrum in Japan’s strategic composition,and shoulders the aggression of the island nation Japan.The establishment of the Puppet Manchukuo(a puppet regime)in March 1932 was a key step in Japan’s transformation from the conception of international political theory to a political and military plan.After the establishment of the Puppet Manchukuo,Changchun was selected as the pseudo-capital and renamed "Hsinking",becoming the "heart" of the Puppet Manchukuo.In order to demonstrate its own strength and whitewash its aggressive behavior,Japan implemented urban construction in Changchun and promoted slogans such as "Overseas Flying" and "Japan Manchuria integration" in Japan.In this way,Japanese people,including civil builders,officials,businessmen,and accompanying family members,came to live in Changchun in search of overseas "New World".On august 15,1945,Japan announced its unconditional surrender,and the Puppet Manchurian state collapsed.A large number of Japanese who emigrated to Changchun embarked on the road of evacuation and disappeared in the historical process of Changchun.However,what kind of life footprints did these Japanese leave in Changchun during the period of Puppet Manchukuo,and what effect does their existence bring to Changchun society,these are the topics that have yet to be further studied.In the most representative of the pilot studies,Liu Jianhui,who is a pioneer of semi-colonial cultural research,explored the relationship between the urban space of modern Shanghai and Japanese intellectuals from a macro perspective,and his setting of the magic capital Shanghai has important semiotic significance.WangShengyuan selected the special historical period of Japan’s invasion of China after the Lugou Bridge incident to investigate the Japanese literati’s "experience in Peiping" and "writing in Peiping",which filled the gap of literature,culture and thought research in the occupied areas during the Japanese invasion of China.Chai Hongmei examines the relationship between Japanese literature and Dalian city in the 20 th century and explores the cultural experiences of Japanese writers in colonial cities.In recent years,the joint research of Liu Jianhui and Japanese witnesses has created a new perspective on colonial cultural space research.This thesis inherits the above-mentioned representative studies,and takes the Japanese in Changchun during the Puppet Manchukuo period as the research object,and uses research methods such as population movement theory,cultural anthropology,and sociology to conduct research on colonial urban culture.The main research contents of this thesis are as follows:1.The formation of Japanese society in Changchun during the period of Puppet Manchuria.This thesis first analyzes the history of modern Japanese overseas immigration and summarizes the two main routes of modern Japanese overseas immigration,namely: Japanese immigrants to countries or regions outside the Japanese sphere of influence and Japanese immigrants to Japanese colonies.In this context,the Russo-Japanese War and the establishment of the Puppet Manchuria as the dividing line proposed the three stages in which the modern Japanese moved to Changchun.The first stage was before the Russo-Japanese War.During this period,there were very few Japanese who lived in Changchun,and most of them served the Russians in order to survive.However,at this stage,there were also Japanese people in Changchun who stayed briefly for the purpose of investigating and obtaining information.The second stage was from the end of the Russo-Japanese War to the establishment of the Puppet Manchuria.An important sign at this stage was Japan established "South Manchuria Railway Co.,Ltd." to operate " South Manchuria Railway Affiliated Area",so Changchun has gradually formed a living and cultural area where Japanese people gather.The third stage is the period of Puppet Manchuria.At this stage,the nature of Changchun’s city changed,and it was selected as a pseudo-capital and became a colonial center city.The Japanese population who migrated to Changchun during this period also increased year by year,occupying the central area of the city and forming a Japanese society.This thesis uses data as the main entry point,and analyzes the migration purpose,path and occupation of Changchun Japanese.Based on this,the living space and living conditions of theJapanese in Changchun were analyzed.After the establishment of the Puppet Manchurian state,the administrative power of Changchun did not formally unify until the revocation of the extraterritorial legal power of the "Manchurian Iron Subsidiary Land" in 1937.However,while Changchun has achieved certain development under urban construction,the residential area of Japanese people has gradually expanded,which has made the residential area of Chinese people different and marginalized.While the Japanese living in Changchun enjoyed independent living space and colonial fruits,they also faced living difficulties such as housing difficulties and high prices in the later period of the Puppet Manchuria.These all reflect the exclusivity and instability of Japanese society.2.Psychology of the Japanese in Changchun during the period of Puppet Manchukuo.First of all,with the strengthening of colonial rule,buildings with characteristics of colonial symbols appeared in Changchun,such as: tall buildings on both sides of "Datong Avenue"(now People’s Avenue),Japanese "Battlefield Monuments","Shrines / Temples",etc.It became an important symbol of Changchun in the sightseeing routes and literary creation formulated by the Japanese at that time.In the interaction between people and space,the ideological trajectory of "landscape-colonial beautification-pseudo-Manchu" is formed.Secondly,during the period of Puppet Manchuria,Japanese colonists preached the "five ethnic republics" while vilifying the image of the Chinese and taking the lead of themselves.Some Japanese even lived in the Puppet Manchuria with the illusion of "five ethnic republics".However,the gap between ideas and reality has caused these Japanese to fall into the ideological contradiction of "humanity" and "imperialism." Finally,the thesis explores the hometown consciousness of different generations of Japanese people,revealing the intention of the Japanese generations who moved into northeast China to perpetuate the colony,and the vague concept of the hometown and the one-sided hypocrisy.3.The influence of Japanese society in Changchun during the period of Puppet Manchuria.From the perspective of Changchun’s social development,after the completion of urban construction in the period of Puppet Manchuria,Changchun showed the appearance of modern cities.As the Japanese colonists exercised military rule,the relevance of productive forces for urban development was severed.Therefore,Changchun’s urban characteristics are confined to consumption functions,industrial development is lagging behind,and the existence of a separate space for Japanese society isolates Changchun’s overall social interaction.These have caused theabnormal development of Changchun.In addition,after the establishment of the Puppet Manchuria,Japanese colonists began to implement a cultural integration policy.This thesis focuses on the Puppet Manchurian national calendar "Time Constitution",which has not been deeply explored so far.It summarizes the changes in the "Time Constitution" over 13 years and draws the trajectory of its gradual change with colonial rule.Folklore and life culture have gradually become almanacs dominated by Japanese Shinto.Beginning in 1941,the statutory celebration days in the " Time Constitution " all became Japanese-style festivals,and the Japan’s inherent celebration day,such as "Japanese Epoch Festival" and " the Emperor’s Birthday " were added directly in the " Time Constitution ".And from the beginning of 1943,the original pseudo-Manchu national anthem was replaced with an anthem with strong Japanese Shinto spirit,in an attempt to unify the mind.However,in actual daily life,the Chinese still maintain the inherent traditional Festival calendar and have a strong resistance to Shinto preached by Japan.It is worth noting that the cultural integration of Japanese colonists also includes Japanese who were born in the Puppet Manchuria and are completely unfamiliar with Japan.As a result,multiple cultural conflicts have formed.Finally,this thesis uses examples to clarify the differential treatment of ethnic groups in the period of the Puppet Manchurian state,and reveals the harm to the Chinese people caused by the existence of the Japanese society in the period of the Puppet Manchurian state.This thesis makes use of a large amount of unused historical data and literature,and explores the issue of colonial culture with the Japanese in Changchun during the Manchukuo period,and tries to extend and expand the content and perspective of colonial culture research.Although this thesis focuses on the Japanese in Changchun during the Puppet Manchukuo period,the time span examined is actually about1900-1945,a 45-year historical interval.Due to my research ability,I failed to make a comprehensive investigation of the Japanese who appeared in the history of Changchun during the 45 years,and in the study of some issues,although I tried to use unused archives,essays and newspapers to explain,it still needs to be further explored.In the future,efforts will be made to improve the level of research to supplement and extend issues that have not been fully studied.