Epidemiological Survey Of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder And Association Analysis Of DβH Gene Polymorphism With ADHD

Objectives:To find out the incidence and related factors of children attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD) in Dalian city.To investigate the relationship between ADHD and polymorphism of dopamine-β-hydroxylase gene(DBH).Methods:1.Use Parent Symptom Questionnaire(PSQ)-concise questionnaire, Teacher Rating Scale(TRS)-concise questionnaire,The Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders(SCARED),Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), Investigation questionnaire of family and individual for children. Students aged 6 to 14 from eight primary schools of Dalian city were investigated by means of stratified cluster random sampling.2.We examined the TaqⅠpolymorphism of dopamine-β-hydroxylase gene between ADHD children and normal controls. The frequencies of genotypes and allele were analyzed with the polymerase chain reaction -restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP).Results:1.3032 students were investigated.The total prevalence rate of ADHD was 4.25%. The prevalence rate of male was 5.75%, which more than that of female(P<0.001). There was no significant difference among different ages.2.The prevalence of anxiety of children in the ADHD group was 33.80%.The score on somatization symptoms,generalized anxiety,separation anxiety,school refusal and the total score of children in the ADHD group were higher obviously than that in the normal control group(P<0.05). Nosignificant difference was found on social phobia(P>0.05).3.Children aged 6~11 were included.The general score of social competencies and scores on activities,social relation,school performance(girls except social relation ) in the ADHD group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P<0.05); The general score of behavioral problems and scores on 8 sub-scales(girls except schizoid obsessive) were significantly higher than those in the control group(P<0.05).4.Analysis showed that study record of students suffering from ADHD below the average (Chinese language, P<0.001;Mathematics, P<0.001).5.Factors include Sex,character of children,treatment manner to children, relationship between parents,family structure and family earnings contributed to the prevalence rate(P<0.05).Children's age,education levels of parent,parental occupation and so on have less effect on ADHD prevalence(P>0.05). 6.No significant difference was found in genotypes and allele frequencies of DBH TaqⅠbetween ADHD group and normal control group(P>0.05).7.There was no significant difference between male and female in ADHD group(P>0.05).Conclusions:1.The overall prevalence rate of ADHD was 4.25% in Dalian city. There was significant difference between male and female. No difference was confirmed among different districts and different ages.2.The prevalence rate of anxiety in children with ADHD was 33.80%.The anxiety disorder was found frequently in children with ADHD.3.There are social functional lesion and special behavioral problems in children aged 6~11 suffering from ADHD.4.ADHD children have more difficulty learning mathematics and Chinese language.5.Sex,character of children,treatment manner to children,relationship between parents,family structure and family earnings were closely related to the prevalence of ADHD.6.DβH gene was probably not associated with ADHD in our study. There was no independence in the frequencies of genotypes and allele with both gender.