The Epidemiological Study Of The Prevalence And Risk Factors Of Essential Hypertension Among Residents Of Korean And Han Nationalities In The Rural Area Of JI LIN Province

The epidemiological study of the prevalence and risk factors of essential hypertension among residents of Korean and Han nationalities in the rural area of JI LIN ProvinceEssential hypertension is one of the most common cardiovascular diseases, the abnormal increase of blood pressure can not only increase the risk of cardiovascular disease attack but also cause a series of pathologic syndromes including lipid metabolic disturbance, hyperinsulinism, impaired glucose tolerance(IGT) and cardiovascular morphological and structural changes;it's also the main risk factor of acute cerebral accidents and coronary heart diseases, in China, nearly 40～50% deaths caused by cardiovascular disease are concerned with hypertensive disease. During the recent years the prevalence of hypertension has been growing rapidly in China, hypertension is more harmful to old people, and become a heavy economic burden to our society. Therefore, it is urgent to identify the etiology of hypertension so as to prevent it. The etiology of hypertension is very complicated and presently it is generally accepted as a multiple genetic disease with a close association with environmental factors.With the rapid development of molecular genetics and molecular biology, people begin to reasearch the pathogenesis of hypertension from the molecular level. Renin-angiotensin-aldoste -rone system (RASS) plays an important role in regulating blood pressure; therefore, the research towards the genesis of RASS should become the focus. Angiotensin-convertion enzyme is the key enzyme of RASS. ACE can convert AngⅠto AngⅡ,and also plays a part in degradation ofcallidin, AngⅡnot only effects the angio-kinesis, but also regulates the growth of vascular smooth muscle. Numerous researches have indicated that there is a close relationship between RASS and hypertensive disease. Recently many studies have indicated that the polymorphism of C-344T in the promoter zone of CYP11B2 gene is relevant to the aldosterone level in blood plasma and the change of arterial blood pressure. Aldosterone can cause sodium retention and hyperplasy of fibroblast. So aldosterone level in blood serum can cause the change of blood pressure and heart structure. Among Korean nationality of China, there is still not found any study about the relationship between ACE and CYP11B2 gene and hypertension disease.In this study the inhabitants of Korean nationality and Han nationality in countryside communities in north China are selected as the target. We use the questionnaire investigation and physical inspection to acquire the essential information,The PCE-RELP method is adopted to detect the genotypes of SNPs on ACE and CYP11B2 gene. The goodness-of-fitnessχ2 test is used to detect whether the genotype frequency distribution fits the law of Hardy-Weinberg genetic equilibrium. The differences of alleic gene and genotype distribution between hypertension and control group are detected byχ2 test. All the tests are analyzed by SPSS.Among all 1050 cases with complete results of questionnaire , anthropometry and biochemical index measure, 502 person are Koreans (205 males and 297 females), and 548 are Hans (180 males and 368 females). 366 people are detected as hypertension patients. The prevalence rate of hypertension disease is 45.4% in Koreans and 22.9% in Hans. The prevalence rate of hypertension disease is significantly higher in Koreans than Hans. Andwith the process of aging the prevalence rate of hypertension disease displays an ascending trend in both two nationalities. For age, the hypertension disease rate in Koreans is significantly higher than that in Hans (P<0.05); Among the Koreans, the hypertension disease rate in males is significantly higher than that in females(P<0.05); while in the Hans, there's no significant difference between males and females(P>0.05). For male and female, the hypertension disease rate in Koreans is significantly higher than that in Hans (P<0.05); Smoking, drinking and family history are still risk factors to hypertensive disease. The prevalence of hypertensive disease is higher in smokers, drinkers and the population with family history than nonsmokers, nondrinkers and those without family history; additionally among all above groups the prevalence is higher exclusively in Koreans than that in Hans.This study has detected two SNPs, ACE gene and CYP11B2 gene. For ACE gene, 100 hypertension patients (51 Koreans and 49Hans) and 100 control cases (51 Koreans and 49Hans). All the individuals in both groups age from 40 to 70. The genotypes distribution for ACE gene in Korean patients group and control group are all in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium by goodness-of-fitnessχ2 test(P>0.05).Theχ2 test shows that the frequency distributions of the alleic gene and genotype for both race are found no significant differences between the hypertension group and the control group(P>0.05). Compared between two races, the frequency distributions of the alleic gene and genotype are found no significant differences between the hypertension group and the control group(P>0.05).For CYP11B2 gene, 105 hypertension patients (55 Koreans and 50 Hans) and 105 control cases (54 Koreans and 51 Hans). All the individuals in bothgroups age from 40 to 70 and the age and the gender constituent in both groups are the same. The genotypes distribution for CYP11B2 gene in general case and control group are all in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium by goodness-of-fitnessχ2 test(P>0.05).Theχ2 test shows that the frequency distributions of the alleic gene and genotype for both races are found significant differences between the hypertension group and the control group(P<0.05). Compared between two races, the frequency distributions of the alleic gene and genotype are also found significant differences between the hypertension group and the control group(P>0.05).All the above suggests that ACE gene polymorphism may have no association with hypertension and CYP11B2 gene polymorphism may have association with hypertension.