| ObjectiveTo investigate the environmental factors related to the induction of embryo damage, and provide evidence for making proper measure on comprehensive prevention.MethodsThe hospital-based case-control study was carried out. Case and control were respectively selected from the patients of embryo damage (128) and pregnant women of normal embryonic development (257) confirmed by type-B ultrasonic, who received treatment at obstetrics and gynecology clinic in Shandong Provincial Hospital and the Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Jinan City in July 2009 to January 2010. To survey the basic conditions, living habits, work environment and spouse-related conditions by self-designed questionnaire, and to exam endocrine hormones, immune function and many other clinical examination.At last, using SPSS 13.0 to analyze the data by univariate and multivariate Logistic regression analysis.ResultsThe univariate Logistic regression analysis results showed:1. Workers, medical personnel and transportation personnel were prone to embryo damage.2. The women whose menarche younger (younger than 11, OR=1/0.495), menstral more abnormal (That is irregular menstrual cycle, menstrual volume abnormal, dysmenorrhea, OR=1.778) and the number of embryo damage more frequent (Greater than or equal to three times, OR=2.497) were prone to embryo damage.3. The women who were A-type personality (OR=3.389) or depressive personality (OR=13.687), poorer emotional control (OR=2.570), worse marital relationship, relationship with her in-laws worse, worse relationships with colleagues (OR= 1/0.510), more worried about children's health, labor pain, the economic cost of child (OR=2.910) were prone to embryo damage.4. The women who work in tense (OR=1/0.457), night operations before pregnancy (OR=1.789) or during pregnancy (OR=2.204) were prone to embryo damage.5. The women who were ill during pregnancy more (OR=1.537), no treatment after illness (OR=1.668) were prone to embryo damage.6. The women who supplemented folic acid before (OR=1/0.562) or during pregnancy (OR=1/0.424), the longer the pill (More than 24 months, OR=1.752), stop taking birth control pills before pregnancy shorter the time(Less than 1 month, OR= 1.694) were prone to embryo damage.7. The women who drunk scented tea (OR=4.922) or green tea (OR=6.227), the tea more concentrated (OR=2.441), the longer the total tea (more than 36 months, OR=1.612), the longer the cumulative drinking coffee (more than 12 months, OR=4.539), accumulated more total drinking (greater than 150kg, OR=2.006), cumulative total of more smoking (more than 3000, OR=4.237), did not stop drinking tea(OR=2.484), coffee (OR=3.584), wine (OR=3.352)or quit smoking(OR=3.397) before pregnancy were prone to embryo damage.8. The women who used mobile phones (OR=1/0.550), watched television or computer (OR=1/0.219) during pregnancy, used cooker or microwave ovens before (OR=1/0.125) or during pregnancy (OR=1/0.144), vibration exposure (OR=37.348), dust exposure (OR=2.313), electromagnetic radiation exposure (OR=3.360) at work before pregnancy, noise exposure (OR=7.967), vibration exposure (OR=74.990), electromagnetic radiation exposure (OR=4.784) during pregnancy work, total carrying mobile phones switched on longer (Time greater than 120*360h, OR= 1.262), cumulative use of the printer or copier longer (Time greater than 10*360h, OR=1.286), cumulative noise exposure longer (Time greater than 20*360h, OR=3.465) before pregnancy, vibration exposure more the number of times or do more strenuous exercise during pregnancy (That is contact with vibration or heavy exercise frequently, OR=3.325) were prone to embryo damage.9. The women whose spouses with chronic diseases (OR=1/0.237) were prone to embryo damage.10. The women whose spouses were A-type personality (OR=2.142) or depressive personality (OR=13.255), difficult to adapt to the environment (OR=2.396), work stress (OR=1/0.299) were prone to embryo damage.11. The women whose spouses daily alcohol consumption more (greater than 300g, OR=1.635), the more smoking (greater than 10, OR=1.719), spouse did not stop drinking (OR=2.148) or smoking (OR= 1.625) before pregnancy were prone to embryo damage.12. The women whose spouse accumulated carry mobile phones switched on longer (Greater than 120*360h, OR=1.629), work exposed to noise (OR=2.518), vibration (OR=12.414), electromagnetic radiation (OR=27.708), in rubber or plastic type of work (OR=129.506) were prone to embryo damage.Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that, the main environmental factors of embryo damage were:Professional (OR=0.870), the frequency of embryo damage (OR=3.951), depressive personality (OR=6.017), whether worried about children's health, labor pain, the economic cost of child (OR=2.729), whether folate supplementation during pregnancy (OR=0.098), whether stop drinking coffee before pregnancy (OR=3.021), total smoke (OR=5.132), whether use appliance or microwave oven before pregnancy (OR=0.197), whether expose vibration during pregnancy (OR=25.856), whether spouse has a chronic (OR=0.050), whether spouse work stress (OR=0.355), whether spouse expose electromagnetic radiation (OR=4.977), whether spouse engaged in rubber or plastic type of work (OR=57.318).ConclusionsDepressive personality, folic acid supplementation during pregnancy, did not stop drinking coffee before pregnancy, use cooker or microwave oven before pregnancy, vibration exposure during pregnancy work, embryo damage more frequent (Up to three or more times), more worried about children's health, labor pain, children spend the economy, total smoking more (Up to more than 3000), spouses with chronic diseases, spouses work stress, spouses contact with electromagnetic radiation at work, rubber or plastic type of work involved in spouse will be prone to embryo damage. |
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