| Objective The major purposes of this study are to explore the levels of blood pressure, epidemiological distribution of high-normal blood pressure and hypertension and their related inflenced factors, consequently providing scientific evidence for the determination of high risk population and surveillance population and making strategies for prevention and control of high-normal blood pressure and hypertension that will be really fit for the research areas.Methods Multi-stage stratified randomized sampling was used in this study. Firstly, Guyuan, Zhongwei, Shizuishan, Wuzhong, Yinchuan at city level were sampled in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region according to development levels of society, economy and geographic setting. Secondly, one county and one city were selected from each of the five regions following random sampling principle. Thirdly one village and one town were randomly sampled in each samples above. At last systematic sampling were used according to roster of head of a household in each village or town samples. All residents aged over 18 year-old in households sampled were investigation objects. All kinds of information were collected by interview, physical examination in sampled residents. Multi-stage stratified randomized sampling was used in this study, which resulted in bolus structure for samples and unequale probability samples at each stage. So weighting statistic was used in this study. Analysis of variance or t-test was used for comparison of mean of systolic blood pressure (SBP) or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) among different groups. The fifth population census data of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region was used for standardizing rates. Chi-square test was used for trend analysis of prevalence. Single-factor and multi-factors Logistic regression analysis were used to explore risk factors of high-normal blood pressure and hypertension. Results 1. The mean of SBP and DBP was 119.6mmHg and 76.4mmHg respecitvely in the target population. Both means of SBP and DBP were higher in men than that in women. Both means of SBP and DBP increased progressively with age and body mass index and waist circumference for men and women. 2. The standardized prevalence rate of hypertension were 13.1%, 13.3% in men and 12.9% in women (P<0.001). The standardized prevalence rate of hypertension in men and women increased pregressively with the growth of age. The prevalence rate of isolated hypertension (ISH) were 1.81%, 1.55% in men 2.05% in women (P<0.05). 3. The standardized prevalence rate of high-normal blood pressure were 37.3%, 47.1% in men and 34.5% in women (P<0.001). The prevalence rate of high-normal blood pressure decreased with the growth of age above 35 year-old group. 4. Multinormal Logistic regression analysis indicates that high sodium diet, smoking habits, overweight and obesity were the common risk factors of high-normal blood pressure and hypertension. More time on sedentary activities, more fatty meat, drinking history, family history of hypertension were also risk factors of hypertension. Hui nationality was one common protective factor of high-normal blood pressure and hypertension. 5.The prevalence rate of coronary heart disease, diabetes mellitus (DM), overweight and obesity increased with growth of grade of hypertension. The prevalence rate of stroke in hypertension group were higher than that in normal blood pressure and high-normal blood pressure group. Conclusion 1. The mean of SBP and DBP was lower than the national level from 2004 to 2005 for adults in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region. 2. The prevalence of hypertension was higher than the nationwide level in 2002 for adults in Ningxia, and the prevalence rate of high-normal blood pressure was close to the nationwide level. Timely and effectively prevention measures played an important role in preventing sub-healthy people from becoming hypertension. 3.The prevalence of stroke and coronary heart disease (CHD), DM, overweight and obesity in hypertension group were higher than that in normal blood pressure group. 4. Obesity, unhealthy behavior and life styles were the main risk factors of high-normal blood pressure and hypertension. Hypertension hasbecome the main public health problem in the investigation.
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