The Influence Of Languages Contact On Chinese Dialect And Kam In Zhijiang

The paper aims to study the influence of languages contact on Kam and Chinese dialect of Luoyan, Zhijiang in Hunan province. It discusses the contact and influence of Chinese and Kam, and expounds the change and regularity in the structure and function of them. Chinese deeply influenced Zhijiang Kam language in the phonetic, vocabulary, grammar. Phonetic: due to the influence of Chinese, Kam language add to some new consonants and vowels such as [tj], [thj] [(?)] [(?)h] [f] [(?)] and so on; some glottal stops have been varying degrees of loss; nasal consonant [-m] have incorporated in nasal consonant [-(?)] and nasal consonant [-n]. In vocabulary: Chinese deeply influences on Kam, a lot of Kam's words have been replaced by Chinese loanwords, so there are Chinese loanwords more than Kam's words in number. In grammar: the most prominent changes have happenned in word order, followed by grammaticallycally-partial words borrowing, duplication of parts of speech forms, possession forms, determine the sentence, verb added sentence. The Chinese dialect greatly influenced the using function of Kam language. As a result,concurrently using and—using were produced. Now the local Kam people basically have been switched to the Chinese dialect. There are combination of language and language shift factors in a social context. Relatively speaking, the Kam language influences on Chinese is less than it is influenced by Chinese. There mainly happened in words loan, some of Kam's words have been loaned into local Chinese.